重型直升机-吊挂耦合系统闭环飞行品质分析

以CH-53A/D直升机为对象,研究重型直升机在增稳控制系统工作条件下外挂载荷运输飞行任务中的飞行品质问题。基于单质点吊挂假设和控制系统模型,建立了直升机-吊挂耦合闭环系统的非线性动力学模型。在该假设下,吊挂物引入了额外的自由度和约束,使方程增加为13阶的微分方程组。针对闭环状态下的耦合系统,进行了小扰动线性化处理,在此基础上进行了吊挂飞行操纵响应的时域特性和频域特性分析,参照军用旋翼飞行器驾驶品质要求（ADS-33E）的品质指标分析了吊挂物质量、吊挂绳长和直升机前飞速度对耦合系统飞行品质的影响。结果表明,吊挂物质量、吊挂绳长和前飞速度对于系统的时域特性以及各项操纵品质有不同程度的影响。      

LEO enhanced Global Navigation Satellite System (LeGNSS) for real-time precise positioning services

Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) has been widely used in many geosciences areas with its Positioning, Navigation and Timing (PNT) service. However, GNSS still has its own bottleneck, such as the long initialization period of Precise Point Positioning (PPP) without dense reference network. Recently, the concept of PNTRC (Positioning, Navigation, Timing, Remote sensing and Communication) has been put forward, where Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite constellations are recruited to fulfill diverse missions. In navigation aspect, a number of selected LEO satellites can be equipped with a transmitter to transmit similar navigation signals to ground users, so that they can serve as GNSS satellites but with much faster geometric change to enhance GNSS capability, which is named as LEO constellation enhanced GNSS (LeGNSS). As a result, the initialization time of PPP is expected to be shortened to the level of a few minutes or even seconds depending on the number of the LEO satellites involved. In this article, we simulate all the relevant data from June 8th to 14th, 2014 and investigate the feasibility of LeGNSS with the concentration on the key issues in the whole data processing for providing real-time PPP service based on a system configuration with fourteen satellites of BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS), twenty-four satellites of the Global Positioning System (GPS), and sixty-six satellites of the Iridium satellite constellations. At the server-end, Precise Orbit Determination (POD) and Precise Clock Estimation (PCE) with various operational modes are investigated using simulated observations. It is found out that GNSS POD with partial LEO satellites is the most practical mode of LeGNSS operation. At the user-end, the Geometry Dilution Of Precision (GDOP) and Signal-In-Space Ranging Error (SISRE) are calculated and assessed for different positioning schemes in order to demonstrate the performance of LeGNSS. Centimeter level SISRE can be achieved for LeGNSS.     

蜂群无人机自组网多优先级自适应退避算法

针对现有媒质接入控制（MAC）协议退避算法无法为蜂群无人机自组网（FANETs）提供区分服务,且在重负载时性能严重恶化等问题,提出一种多优先级自适应退避算法。采用忙闲因子自适应机制和最优竞争窗自适应机制,根据信道忙闲程度和网络状态参数自适应实时更新各优先级竞争窗口（CW）长度,从而使每次退避的竞争窗口可快速收敛到最佳状态,并实现了多业务区分服务,得到了最优的系统性能。通过建立不同优先级退避过程的三维Markov链模型求解得到了饱和吞吐量下的最优竞争窗自适应因子,并且理论推导了系统吞吐量和平均MAC时延的数学表达式。仿真结果表明,所提算法在重负载时能够实现多优先级区分服务并有效提高系统的吞吐量性能,相比区分业务优先级的自适应退避（PAB）算法和支持QoS的自适应竞争窗口退避算法（Q-ABACW）,性能均有较大提升。      

Effects of space weather on the ionosphere and LEO satellites’ orbital trajectory in equatorial,low and middle latitude

We study the effects of space weather on the ionosphere and low Earth orbit (LEO) satellites’ orbital trajectory in equatorial, low- and mid-latitude (EQL, LLT and MLT) regions during (and around) the notable storms of October/November, 2003. We briefly review space weather effects on the thermosphere and ionosphere to demonstrate that such effects are also latitude-dependent and well established. Following the review we simulate the trend in variation of satellite’s orbital radius (r), mean height (h) and orbit decay rate (ODR) during 15 October–14 November 2003 in EQL, LLT and MLT. Nominal atmospheric drag on LEO satellite is usually enhanced by space weather or solar-induced variations in thermospheric temperature and density profile. To separate nominal orbit decay from solar-induced accelerated orbit decay, we compute $r\text{,}h$ and ODR in three regimes viz. (i) excluding solar indices (or effect), where $r=r_0\text{,}h=h_0$ and $\mathit{ODR}={\mathit{ODR}}_0$ (ii) with mean value of solar indices for the interval, where $r=r_m\text{,}h=h_m$ and $\mathit{ODR}={\mathit{ODR}}_m$ and (iii) with actual daily values of solar indices for the interval ($r\text{,}h$ and ODR). For a typical LEO satellite at h?=?450?km, we show that the total decay in r during the period is about 4.20?km, 3.90?km and 3.20?km in EQL, LLT and MLT respectively; the respective nominal decay ($r_0$) is 0.40?km, 0.34?km and 0.22?km, while solar-induced orbital decay ($r_m$) is about 3.80?km, 3.55?km and 2.95?km. h also varied in like manner. The respective nominal ${\mathit{ODR}}_0$ is about 13.5?m/day, 11.2?m/day and 7.2?m/day, while solar-induced ${\mathit{ODR}}_m$ is about 124.3?m/day, 116.9?m/day and 97.3?m/day. We also show that severe geomagnetic storms can increase ODR by up to 117% (from daily mean value). However, the extent of space weather effects on LEO Satellite’s trajectory significantly depends on the ballistic co-efficient and orbit of the satellite, and phase of solar cycles, intensity and duration of driving (or influencing) solar event.     

基于PCRLB的低轨星座对自由段多目标的多传感器调度算法

研究了低轨星座跟踪自由段目标背景下的多目标多传感器调度问题.论述了自由段目标运动模型和星载红外传感器测量模型.考虑到目标出现的时空不确定性,面向系统的跟踪性能,建立了基于突发事件和滚动周期的调度框架以及调度与跟踪的闭环结构.基于此,建立了调度的具体算法.特别地,以调度周期内系统的信息增量最大化为目标,详细设计了基于PCRLB的调度策略性能指标.仿真验证了算法的可行性、优越性以及在动态环境中的适应性.     

多操纵面布局飞机隐模型跟踪控制设计

采用隐模型跟踪算法,针对多操纵面布局的飞机,进行控制增稳设计,要求具有满意的飞行品质.因而按照飞行品质规范和飞机动力学特性,对理想模型的选取做了深入分析;并对控制方案从指令跟踪精度、大气紊流响应和对其它扰动的抑制特性等方面进行了评估,其中用结构奇异值对增稳系统的鲁棒稳定性和鲁棒性能进行了分析.结果表明设计方案能有效抑制扰动,并具有合适的鲁棒稳定性和鲁棒性能.     

低轨巨型星座构型设计与控制研究进展与展望

近年来低轨星座计划发展迅速,低轨巨型星座已成为全球争夺空间战略资源的"新战场".首先,概述了Telesat、OneWeb、Starlink等低轨巨型星座计划的发展现状,以及中国互联网星座计划的基本情况.在此基础上,分别从星座的任务需求、覆盖特性、摄动补偿和备份策略4个方面,综述了星座的构型设计方法及其特点.然后,根据卫...     

基于分布式深度学习的多星计算卸载策略

在边缘计算增强的低轨卫星网络场景下,低轨卫星集群协同处理地面任务能有效降低用户响应时延。对卫星集群的联合卸载决策和资源分配优化问题进行研究,将其描述为一个混合整数规划问题,并采用了一种基于分布式深度学习算法的卫星边缘计算卸载算法（deep learning based offloading algorithm,DLOA）。该算法使用多个并行DNN用于生成卸载决策并采用经验回放存储新生成的卸载决策,当采用隐藏层结构不同的DNN,收敛速度比同构DNN提升18%,收敛值与最优值的比值基本为1,可以认为已收敛至最优。此外,探讨了DNN的数量对所使用的算法的影响,仿真结果表明采用少量DNN就可以获得近优的收敛效果。通过对不同任务规模下采用不同算法的任务完成率进行研究,结果表明DLOA算法可通过采用异构DNN和优化资源分配方案显著提升完成率,其较单星运算方案任务完成率提升1倍,较二进制粒子群算法方案提升20%。     

基于自适应方法的多无人机编队队形控制

针对"长机-僚机"近距编队队形因风场扰动而不能保持期望队形的问题,首先,提出了一种自适应队形保持控制的方法,该方法可用于抵消因风场不确定性对无人机的横侧向和前行方向所产生的距离误差,同时能够保持无人机编队稳定飞行。其次,由于风场的不确定性会引起"长机-僚机"之间的动力学发生变化,因此设计了一种基于"长机-僚机"相对运动模型的自适应控制律用以估计风场在3个方向的大小,进而控制无人机之间的相对运动以消除风场不确定性所产生的距离误差并保持速度的一致性,最终实现保持期望的队形。再次,通过构建合理的李雅普诺夫函数,证明无人机编队在风场干扰下能够保持编队稳定飞行,同时"长机-僚机"之间相对横向、横侧向以及纵向的距离误差均接近零。最后,通过仿真验证：所提出的自适应控制方法具有良好的鲁棒性,这为工程实践提供理论依据。     

空战中机群编队分层优化算法

针对机群编队优化计算复杂的问题,提出了一种分层优化算法。根据敌我双方的距离、角度、速度以及飞机导弹、雷达的性能,建立了多机协同任务分配模型。根据空战中常用的基本飞机队形,对敌方机群编队进行分层,对每层分别计算己方对选取各种基本队形时的任务分配结果和队形优化优势值,通过比较得到己方机群编队的每层最优队形,当得到己方每层的最优队形之后,将己方每层最优队形进行组合解码就可得到己方机群编队的最优队形。仿真结果表明该方法能有效地解决机群编队队形优化问题,并且该算法具有较好的实时性。