超低轨航天器气动力分析与减阻设计

轨道降低,航天器受到的气动力增大,气动力对航天器影响显著。考虑自由分子流态 下的超低轨航天器,利用分割法把简单外形的航天器分割为几部分,分别计算各部分的气动 力,然后相加获得总的气动力效果;通过对平面的气动力进行计算分析,提出了超低 轨航天器的减阻设计方法;结果表明：当轨道高度降低到250 km左右时,航天器受到的气动 阻力比500 km高出约2个数量级;一般情况下,超低轨航天器应采用细长体构型,减小迎风 面积;侧面积引起的航天器阻力已经不可忽略,应采用侧面光滑技术,减少侧面阻力;当超 低轨航天器长细比超过一定限度后,随着长细比增大,大气阻力升高。
     

DOA estimation for attitude determination on communication satellites

In order to determine an appropriate attitude of three-axis stabilized communication satellites, this paper describes a novel attitude determination method using direction of arrival （DOA） estimation of a ground signal source. It differs from optical measurement, magnetic field measurement, inertial measurement, and global positioning system （GPS） attitude determination. The proposed method is characterized by taking the ground signal source as the attitude reference and acquiring attitude information from DOA estimation. Firstly, an attitude measurement equation with DOA estimation is derived in detail. Then, the error of the measurement equation is analyzed. Finally, an attitude determination algorithm is presented using a dynamic model, the attitude measurement equation, and measurement errors. A developing low Earth orbit （LEO） satellite which tests mobile communication technology with smart antennas can be stabilized in three axes by corporately using a magnetometer, reaction wheels, and three-axis magnetorquer rods. Based on the communication satellite, simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the method. The method could be a backup of attitude determination to prevent a system failure on the satellite. Its precision depends on the number of snapshots and the input signal-to-noise ratio （SNR） with DOA estimation.     

FY-3(05)星主动对月定标控制技术研究

月球是低轨气象卫星载荷进行外定标的一个理想目标,不同载荷通过观测月球可以建立统一的参考基准,提高相互之间的数据匹配性.对于低轨卫星,月球一般每月一次进入载荷的视场,但停留时间只有几秒钟.为进一步提高对月定标的观测时长,积累更多的观测数据,本文针对低轨偏置动量卫星提出了一种主动对月定标控制方案,通过卫星平台的姿态控制,使...     

一种单低轨星北斗备份与辅助方法及在轨验证

在低轨卫星上搭载导航载荷,为北斗系统提供有效的备份及辅助性能提升手段,是近年来卫星导航领域专家学者探讨的热点问题.针对全球卫星导航系统信号在恶劣电磁环境下的受扰问题,提出了一种利用单颗低轨卫星实现北斗备份和辅助的方法.北斗备份是指通过单颗低轨星独立为地面用户提供导航服务.北斗辅助是指利用单颗低轨星信号及信息,为地面用户...     

Very low thrust station-keeping for low Earth orbiting satellites

Traditional station-keeping for Earth observation satellites with chemical thrusters generally involves maneuvers every couple months that are able to change significantly the semi-major axis and the inclination. These strategies do not scale down to very low thrust level (a few hundreds of μN) electrical thrusters. This paper presents both in-plane and out-of-plane strategies that spread corrections over very long arcs and discretize them to tiny maneuvers every couple orbits, taking into account mission-constraints on maneuvers locations. These strategies scale up to medium thrust strategies, filling the gap between propulsion technologies. The out-of-plane strategy although features a new no-deadband property and controls the full orbital momentum. All strategies allow control very close to the reference (a few hundreds meters in osculating parameters) and very low cost.     

Performance assessment of real-time orbit determination for the Haiyang-2D using onboard BDS-3/GPS observations

The Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receivers equipped on the Haiyang-2D (HY-2D) satellite is capable of tracking the signals of both the third generation of BeiDou satellite navigation System (BDS-3) and the Global Positioning System (GPS), which make it feasible to assess the performance of real-time orbit determination (RTOD) for the HY-2D using onboard GNSS observations. In this study, the achievable accuracy and convergence time of RTOD for the HY-2D using onboard BDS-3 and GPS observations are analyzed. Benefiting from the binary-offset-carrier (BOC) modulation, the BDS-3 C1X signal includes less noise than the GPS C1C signal, which has the same signal frequency and chipping rate. The root mean squares (RMS) of the noises of C1X and C1C code measurements are 0.579 m and 1.636 m, respectively. Thanks to a ten-times higher chipping rate, the code measurements of BDS-3 C5P, GPS C1W and C2W are less noisy. The RMS of code noises of BDS-3 C5P, GPS C1W, and C2W are 0.044 m, 0.386 m, and 0.272 m, respectively. For the HY-2D orbit, the three-dimensional (3D) and radial accuracies can reach 31.8 cm and 7.5 cm with only BDS-3 observations, around 50 % better than the corresponding accuracies with GPS. Better performance of the BDS-3 in RTOD for the HY-2D is attributed to the high quality of its broadcast ephemeris. When random parameters are used to absorb ephemeris errors, substantial improvement is seen in the accuracy of HY-2D orbit with either BDS-3 or GPS. The 3D RMS of HY-2D orbit errors with BDS-3 and GPS are enhanced to 23.1 cm and 33.6 cm, and the RMS of the radial components are improved to 6.1 cm and 13.3 cm, respectively. The convergence time is 41.6 and 75.5 min for the RTOD with BDS-3 and GPS, while it is reduced to 39.2 and 27.4 min after the broadcast ephemeris errors are absorbed by random parameters. Overall, the achievable accuracy of RTOD with BDS-3 reaches decimeter level, which is even better than that with GPS, making real-time navigation using onboard BDS-3 observations a feasible choice for future remote sensing missions.     

基于非合作低轨卫星的测向交叉定位技术

根据非合作低轨卫星的特点，可以被动测量多颗卫星信号的来向，通过测向交叉的方式进行定位。但是通过星历解算出的卫星位置位于地心地固坐标系，用户测量的方位角和俯仰角基于站心坐标系。针对非合作低轨卫星测向交叉定位时目标用户角度信息与卫星位置基于不同坐标系的问题，提出了一种迭代最小二乘定位算法，通过迭代的方式不断收敛定位结果，能够在目标用户角度信息与卫星位置基于不同坐标系的情况下，解决非合作低轨卫星的测向交叉定位问题。仿真结果表明，基于迭代最小二乘定位算法能够实现非合作低轨卫星仅利用角度定位，并分析了测角精度、卫星轨道高度、参与定位卫星数与定位误差之间的关系。针对迭代的计算方法，分析了迭代过程中不同收敛条件下迭代次数与定位误差之间的关系。在保证定位精度的情况下，将迭代收敛范围设置为8~30 km，可以降低2~3次迭代次数。     

基于低轨全覆盖卫星星座的反向缝建链策略

低轨卫星星座的拓扑设计是天地一体化网络部署中较为重要的一环。在低轨卫星网络中，如何设计星座拓扑来提升卫星网络的稳定性与传输性能，是亟待解决的问题。提出一种基于轨道覆盖带方法的低轨持续全覆盖卫星星座设计方法，通过该方法构建低轨卫星星座，满足覆盖性能，可有效减少卫星切换的次数。基于构建的星座拓扑，制定邻轨k最近邻星的反向缝建链策略，优化设计链路长度和链路持续时长，获取网络传输性能与稳定性的平衡。仿真结果表明:通过上述方法设计出的星座，在满足对地持续全覆盖性能的情况下，相较于轨道覆盖带方法切换次数减少10%;邻轨k最近邻星策略相较于最短建链策略，拓扑稳定性能提升79.62%，使网络拓扑稳定性与传输性能达到更优的平衡。     

StarLink星座对空间安全态势的影响

针对StarLink星座部署后带来的空间安全问题，对StarLink星座构型仿真，利用碰撞概率的算法，从碰撞风险的角度分析了StarLink星座部署后对其他卫星在轨安全的影响。结果表明:StarLink星座部署对低轨航天器将带来较大的碰撞风险，碰撞风险比部署前提升一个量级，对535~555 km空间区域的航天器影响尤为突出，一旦产生碰撞碎片将带来更大的碰撞风险。通过分析提出了警示，并针对大型卫星星座带来的碰撞危险提供了应对建议。     

基于改进POCET技术的通导一体化信号设计

随着低轨卫星组网的发展,结合我国北斗三号全球卫星导航系统的全面建成,研究兼容北斗的通信导航一体化技术日益迫切。为使卫星上的高功率放大器工作在非线性饱和区,以达到较高的发射功率效率,需要保证合成信号的恒包络特性。考虑北斗导航信号与低轨卫星通信信号频点不同,且待复用信号分量较多,以相位优化恒包络发射(POCET)技术为基础,提出了一种改进的多频点多非独立信号分量恒包络复用技术,对七路信号进行复用,利用罚函数进行目标函数优化得到最优解。通过分析其信号特性,表明该方法具有较高的复用效率,并能有效抑制非独立分量造成的波形畸变,从而实现通信导航一体化信号设计,为未来基于低轨卫星的通信导航一体化波形设计提供了思路。