Optimal Earth’s reentry disposal of the Galileo constellation

Nowadays there is international consensus that space activities must be managed to minimize debris generation and risk. The paper presents a method for the end-of-life (EoL) disposal of spacecraft in Medium Earth Orbit (MEO). The problem is formulated as a multiobjective optimisation one, which is solved with an evolutionary algorithm. An impulsive manoeuvre is optimised to reenter the spacecraft in Earth’s atmosphere within 100?years. Pareto optimal solutions are obtained using the manoeuvre $\mathrm{\Delta }v$ and the time-to-reentry as objective functions to be minimised. To explore at the best the search space a semi-analytical orbit propagator, which can propagate an orbit for 100?years in few seconds, is adopted. An in-depth analysis of the results is carried out to understand the conditions leading to a fast reentry with minimum propellant. For this aim a new way of representing the disposal solutions is introduced. With a single 2D plot we are able to fully describe the time evolution of all the relevant orbital parameters as well as identify the conditions that enables the eccentricity build-up. The EoL disposal of the Galileo constellation is used as test case.     

基于概率核函数的改进粒子滤波算法研究

针对组合导航系统中粒子滤波算法出现的粒子退化现象,在粒子滤波应用过程中引入概率核函数,通过概率核函数在粒子滤波计算过程中的应用来解决粒子衰减退化问题,同时保持粒子集合的多样性。首先对重要性采样函数进行改进设计,利用状态估计概率和量测估计概率提高重要性采样函数的信息采样全面性;然后设计随机概率统计的核函数并将其应用在重采样计算过程中;最后建立改进的粒子滤波算法并将其应用到组合导航系统工作过程中。仿真结果表明,基于概率核函数的改进粒子滤波算法可以有效地降低系统误差,提高组合导航系统导航精度。     

一种民航发动机滚动轴承故障预警方法

为了提前感知滚动轴承故障,避免民用航空发动机非计划维护带来的损失,提出了一种故障预警方法.对轴承振动信号进行特征工程,提取其时域和频域特征,引入梯度提升决策树(Gradient boosting decision tree,GBDT)算法,量化了特征重要度;在特征相关性分析的基础上,利用核主成分分析(Kernel pr...     

一种快速有效的雷达目标识别方法

基于核的学习算法提出一种快速有效的雷达目标识别方法。首先利用核的主分量分析方法对雷达目标的一维距离像进行特征提取,可以有效地提取出其中的非线性特征;然后基于一种新型的支撑矢量机——近似支撑矢量机作为分类器对所提取的特征进行识别。实验结果表明,所提出的识别方法其正确识别率与标准支撑矢量机相当,但在计算速度上却有很大的提高,并对噪声具有较好的抑制作用。     

Building components for an outpost on the Lunar soil by means of a novel 3D printing technology

3D-printing technologies are receiving an always increasing attention in architecture, due to their potential use for direct construction of buildings and other complex structures, also of considerable dimensions, with virtually any shape. Some of these technologies rely on an agglomeration process of inert materials, e.g. sand, through a special binding liquid and this capability is of interest for the space community for its potential application to space exploration. In fact, it opens the possibility for exploiting in-situ resources for the construction of buildings in harsh spatial environments. The paper presents the results of a study aimed at assessing the concept of 3D printing technology for building habitats on the Moon using lunar soil, also called regolith. A particular patented 3D-printing technology – D-shape – has been applied, which is, among the existing rapid prototyping systems, the closest to achieving full scale construction of buildings and the physical and chemical characteristics of lunar regolith and terrestrial regolith simulants have been assessed with respect to the working principles of such technology. A novel lunar regolith simulant has also been developed, which almost exactly reproduces the characteristics of the JSC-1A simulant produced in the US. Moreover, tests in air and in vacuum have been performed to demonstrate the occurrence of the reticulation reaction with the regolith simulant. The vacuum tests also showed that evaporation or freezing of the binding liquid can be prevented through a proper injection method. The general requirements of a Moon outpost have been specified, and a preliminary design of the habitat has been developed. Based on such design, a section of the outpost wall has been selected and manufactured at full scale using the D-shape printer and regolith simulant. Test pieces have also been manufactured and their mechanical properties have been assessed.     

Non-linear methods in remotely sensed multispectral data classification

The aim of this research is to develop an effective approach being able to deal with the stochastic nature of remote sensing data. In order to achieve this objective it is necessary to structure the methodological knowledge in the area of data mining and reveal the most suitable methods for the prediction and decision support based on large amounts of multispectral data. The idea is to establish a framework by decomposing the task into functionality objectives and to allow the end-user to experiment with a set of classification methods and select the best methods for specific applications. As a first step, we compare our results from Bayesian classification based on non-parametric probability density estimates of the data to the results obtained from other classification methods. Tree scenarios are considered, making use of a small benchmark dataset, a larger dataset from Corine land cover project for Bulgaria and analyzing different features and feature selection methods. We show that the theoretically optimal Bayesian classification can also achieve optimal classification in practice and provides a realistic interpretation of the world where land cover classes intergrade gradually.     

基于改进核聚类算法的空间目标识别方法

根据目标区域的矩特征,几何特征以及灰度特征,提取出目标的特征向量,并通过聚类算法对空间目标进行识别,提出了一种基于Voronoi距离的核聚类算法（KFCM）。该算法通过引入一种新的距离度量,使得隶属度函数更加的明晰,改善了核聚类算法极易陷入最小值的问题。运用改进的核聚类算法对3类空间目标进行识别,试验结果验证了算法的正确性和有效性。     

基于核函数主元分析的航空发动机故障检测方法

航空发动机性能由正常到异常、再由异常发展到完全故障的阶段,其参数变化具有一定非线性特征。为了有效检测这种具有非线性特征的故障,提出一种基于核函数主元分析(KPCA)的非线性故障检测方法。该方法通过核函数完成非线性变换,将变量由非线性的输入空间转换到线性的特征空间,在特征空间中使用线性主元分析(PCA)方法计算主元,构造T2和SPE统计量检测故障的发生。通过对某型涡扇发动机进行实例验证分析,结果表明,KPCA方法一方面克服了综合参数法由于没有确定的警戒值而无法有效地进行故障检测的不足;另一方面KPCA方法在非线性故障检测过程中能够提取重要的非线性特征信息,因而比PCA方法能更早地检测到早期潜在故障,且KPCA方法检测错误率更低。因此,KPCA方法更适合于具有非线性特征的航空发动机故障检测。     

Remaining useful life prediction of aircraft lithium-ion batteries based on F-distribution particle filter and kernel smoothing algorithm

As an emergency and auxiliary power source for aircraft, lithium (Li)-ion batteries are important components of aerospace power systems. The Remaining Useful Life (RUL) prediction of Li-ion batteries is a key technology to ensure the reliable operation of aviation power systems. Particle Filter (PF) is an effective method to predict the RUL of Li-ion batteries because of its uncertainty representation and management ability. However, there are problems that particle weights cannot be updated in the prediction stage and particles degradation. To settle these issues, an innovative technique of F-distribution PF and Kernel Smoothing (FPFKS) algorithm is proposed. In the prediction stage, the weights of the particles are dynamically updated by the F kernel instead of being fixed all the time. Meanwhile, a first-order independent Markov capacity degradation model is established. Moreover, the kernel smoothing algorithm is integrated into PF, so that the variance of the parameters of capacity degradation model keeps invariant. Experiments based on NASA battery data sets show that FPFKS can be excellently applied to RUL prediction of Li-ion batteries.     

The effect of spatial truncation error on integral inversion of satellite gravity gradiometry data

The satellite gravity gradiometry (SGG) data can be used for local modelling of the Earth’s gravity field. In this study, the SGG data in the local north-oriented and orbital frames are inverted to the gravity anomaly at sea level using the second-order partial derivatives of the extended Stokes formula. The emphasis is on the spatial truncation error and the kernel behaviour of the integral formulas in the aforementioned frames. The paper will show that only the diagonal elements of gravitational tensor at satellite level are suitable for recovering the gravity anomaly at sea level. Numerical studies show that the gravity anomaly can be recovered in Fennoscandia with an accuracy of about 6 mGal directly from on-orbit SGG data.