Radiation from relativistic shocks in turbulent magnetic fields

Using our new 3-D relativistic particle-in-cell (PIC) code parallelized with MPI, we investigated long-term particle acceleration associated with a relativistic electron–positron jet propagating in an unmagnetized ambient electron–positron plasma. The simulations were performed using a much longer simulation system than our previous simulations in order to investigate the full nonlinear stage of the Weibel instability and its particle acceleration mechanism. Cold jet electrons are thermalized and ambient electrons are accelerated in the resulting shocks. Acceleration of ambient electrons leads to a maximum ambient electron density three times larger than the original value as predicted by hydrodynamic shock compression. In the jet (reverse) shock behind the bow (forward) shock the strongest electromagnetic fields are generated. These fields may lead to time dependent afterglow emission. In order to calculate radiation from first principles that goes beyond the standard synchrotron model used in astrophysical objects we have used PIC simulations. Initially we calculated radiation from electrons propagating in a uniform parallel magnetic field to verify the technique. We then used the technique to calculate emission from electrons in a small simulation system. From these simulations we obtained spectra which are consistent with those generated from electrons propagating in turbulent magnetic fields with red noise. This turbulent magnetic field is similar to the magnetic field generated at an early nonlinear stage of the Weibel instability. A fully developed shock within a larger simulation system may generate a jitter/synchrotron spectrum.     

竖壁贴附射流空气池的数值模拟

以verhoff经验公式为基础，建立竖壁贴附射流送风的数值计算模型，对于不同工况进行模拟计算，然后将模拟计算结果的速度场与verhoff经验公式进行对比分析。通过研究表明，当顶棚送风口距侧墙的垂直距离比较小时，竖壁贴附送风可以依靠侧墙的贴附效应在房间下部产生空气池现象，形成和置换通风类似的气流组织。     

A unified accretion–ejection paradigm for Black Hole X-ray binaries

We present a unified accretion–ejection picture that explains the different spectral state of Black Hole X-ray binaries (BHXrB) from radio to X/γ-rays. In this view, the central region of BHXrB has a multi-flow configuration which consists in (1) an outer standard accretion disc, (2) an inner magnetized accretion disc driving, (3) a self-collimated electron–proton MHD jet, surrounding and (4) a relativistic electron–positron beam when adequate conditions are met. This picture provides a simple and unified explanation to the various canonical spectral states of BH X-ray binaries, by varying the transition radius r_J between the inner disc driving jets and the outer standard disc. In this framework, large r_J correspond to Quiescent and Hard states while small r_J correspond to Thermal Dominant ones. In between these two extremes, r_J can reach values that switches on the pair cascade process giving birth to a relativistic electron–positron beam. This would correspond to the bright intermediate state.     

流体动力激励法控制射流结构的初步研究

在射流马赫数分别为０．２０６、０．３６１及０．８３１三种工况下，用环形卡门涡街激励射流。对３种不同几何参数的环形卡门涡街发生器，利用总压探针分别测定了激励前后射流速度的轴向分布和径向分布，得到了射流气动参数和涡街发生器几何参数对射流激励效果的影响。还利用单丝热线分别测定了激励前后射流边界层的紊流参数，结果表明，激励之后射流边界层的紊流脉动能量显著增加，这是射流激励后吸卷能力提高的内在动力。     

边界层内水介质在压差驱动下沿小孔向气腔射流问题研究

对边界层内小孔气水多相流场下射流问题开展数值仿真及定常水洞试验研究,建立了适用于边界层内压差驱动下小孔向气腔射流多相流场问题研究的数值仿真计算模型,针对典型孔参数及气水流场条件,对比分析了仿真试验数据,验证了数值仿真模型的正确性及模型计算精度。结合流体质点受力及运动模型及平板边界层理论,分析了气水域压力场特征及水域流动规律对小孔射流过程的作用机理及影响规律,开展了孔参数对射流多相流场特征及射流量的影响研究。获得了小孔射流量估算方法,为航行体上防水装置设计提供数据支撑。