“嫦娥4号”中继星应急轨道控制策略设计与分析

"嫦娥4号"中继星作为"嫦娥4号"任务的重要组成部分,不同于其它月球探测器,首次选择绕地月L2平动点运行的Halo轨道以保证为月球背面的着陆器和巡视器提供连续的中继通信服务,这面临诸多技术挑战。基于任务需求和工程约束,梳理了中继星全寿命与轨道控制相关的故障类型,制定了多级应急控制目标,给出了分阶段应急轨道控制方案,提出将Lissajous轨道作为应急备选使命轨道,分析了推进剂消耗、中继测控条件和可行性,研究成果直接应用于中继星任务工程实践。     

基于“嫦娥三号”放射性载荷的总装防护设计与实施

“嫦娥三号”月球探测器安装有放射性载荷,因此需要在总装过程中进行有针对性的防护,以尽量降低操作人员可能受到的辐射危害。文章在分析各工作平台辐射剂量率的基础上,结合一般防护方法,提出了基于操作时间控制、操作距离限定以及屏蔽防护选择3项基本控制要素的核辐射环境中的操作防护设计方案。经地面模拟演练的验证及塔架上最终实施结果比对,证明防护方案设计合理可行,操作人员受到的累积辐射剂量处于预期值范围内的较低水平。     

Analysis of the brightness temperature features of the lunar surface using 37 GHz channel data from the Chang'E-2 microwave radiometer

Compared with other remote observations, brightness temperatures (T_B) derived from microwave emission measurements provide a unique means to characterize the physical properties of the lunar surface. Using Chang’E-2 microwave radiometer data, we produced 12 global T_B images of the lunar surface during a diurnal cycle with different local times separated by approximately 2?h. There are two types of remarkable T_B units on the lunar surface, the “hot regions” occurring during the lunar day in the lunar Maria regions and the “microwave cold spots” occurring during the nighttime typically related to young craters. Compared with their surroundings, the hot regions are much warmer during the lunar day and slightly colder at night, while the microwave cold spots are much colder during the lunar night and slightly warmer in the daytime. Moreover, the T_B heating and cooling rates of these two units are larger than others at the same average latitude where they are located during the lunar day, especially after sunrise and before sunset. The hot regions have a good agreement with the mare regions with high TiO₂ abundance. Besides, brightness temperatures in the lunar Maria correlate closely with their TiO₂ abundance. For most microwave cold spots, they agree with the young craters, and their brightness temperature distributions have a significant negative correlation with the lunar surface nighttime temperature and rock abundance.     

Inter-satellite calibration of FengYun 3 medium energy electron fluxes with POES electron measurements

We perform an L-shell dependent inter-satellite calibration of FengYun 3 medium energy electron measurements with POES measurements based on rough orbital conjunctions within 5?min?×?0.1?L?×?0.5 MLT. By comparing electron flux data between the U.S. Polar Orbiting Environmental Satellites (POES) and Chinese sun-synchronous satellites including FY-3B and FY-3C for a whole year of 2014, we attempt to remove less reliable data and evaluate systematic uncertainties associated with the FY-3B and FY-3C datasets, expecting to quantify the inter-satellite calibration factors for the 150–350?keV energy channel at L?=?2–7. Compared to the POES data, the FY-3B and FY-3C data generally exhibit a similar trend of electron flux variations but more or less underestimate them within a factor of 5 for the medium electron energy 150–350?keV channel. Good consistency in the flux conjunctions after the inter-calibration procedures gives us certain confidence to generalize our method to calibrate electron flux measurements from various satellite instruments.     

Latitudinal features of Total Electron Content over the African and European longitude sector following the St. Patrick’s day storm of 2015

GNSS TEC values have been obtained from 18 stations distributed from the magnetic equator to nearly 80°N magnetic dip in the African and west-European longitude sector corresponding to the March 17–18, 2015 geomagnetic storm. Significantly depleted ionosphere have been observed at stations north of 50°N geographic on March 18, 2015 following the above storm over a longitude swath 11.9°–21°E covering the Eastern Africa and Western European longitude sector. High ROTI values were noted on March 17^th at locations around 80°N magnetic dip. Two prominent peaks in PCN were noted around 09:00 UT and 14:00 UT on March 17, 2015 and around 15:00 UT on March 18, 2015. Daytime thermospheric (O/N₂) ratio was markedly less on March 18th at latitudes above 60°N geographic which is suggested to be the major driver behind depleted high latitude ionosphere during the recovery phase of the storm on March 18, 2015.     

A rapid compensation method for launch data of long-range rockets under influence of the Earth's disturbing gravity field

Regarding the rapid compensation of the influence of the Earth' s disturbing gravity field upon trajectory calculation,the key point lies in how to derive the analytical solutions to the partial derivatives of the state of burnout point with respect to the launch data.In view of this,this paper mainly expounds on two issues:one is based on the approximate analytical solution to the motion equation for the vacuum flight section of a long-range rocket,deriving the analytical solutions to the partial derivatives of the state of burnout point with respect to the changing rate of the final stage pitch program;the other is based on the initial positioning and orientation error propagation mechanism,proposing the analytical calculation formula for the partial derivatives of the state of burnout point with respect to the launch azimuth.The calculation results of correction data are sim ulated and verified under different circumstances.The simulation results are as follows:(1) the accuracy of approximation between the analytical solutions and the results attained via the difference method is higher than 90％,and the ratio of calculation time between them is lower than 0.2％,thus demonstrating the accuracy of calculation of data corrections and advantages in calculation speed;(2) after the analytical solutions are compensated,the longitudinal landing deviation of the rocket is less than 20 m and the lateral landing deviation of the rocket is less than 10 m,demonstrating that the corrected data can meet the requirements for the hit accuracy of a long-range rocket.     

威海天文台1米望远镜天体测量试验

利用威海天文台1米望远镜观测了2009年10月7日晚的疏散星团M39.观测过程中使用了I滤光片,并将CCD绕光轴旋转90°分别成像.使用最新的UCAC3星表和Platais的自行星表归算表明,该望远镜具有良好的天体测量性能,最好的单次位置测量精度达到了4～5 milli-arcsec.此外,观测资料还发现UCAC3星表具有明显的自行不准确性,证实了文献[14]的最新发现.     

从生态翻译学的角度看严复翻译

严复在中国翻译史上有着十分重要的地位,是我国第一个提出规范标准的翻译家,他所提出的"信、达、雅"翻译理论具有很强的指导意义。生态翻译学是对翻译活动进行研究的新视角,从生态翻译学的核心理论视角出发,对严复翻译进行探讨,可以看出,严复翻译遵从其所处的翻译生态环境的法则,受生态环境中各要素的制约,既促进了当时社会的科学发展,也与当时其所处的生态环境相融合。     

水下复杂环境下基于SINS/USBL/DVL多源信息融合的组合导航算法

针对复杂水下声场环境下高精度、长航时导航与定位的需求,构建了捷联惯性导航系统(SINS)/超短基线(USBL)相对测量信息的观测方程和SINS/声学多普勒测速仪(DVL)的观测方程,提出了一种融合SINS/USBL/DVL多源信息的组合定位算法.为解决声学量测信息不确定引起的导航性能下降的问题,充分考虑水声野值所导致的...     

复杂几何条件下伴随格林函数的数值求解

为简化气动噪声预测中复杂边界的网格处理,采用计算气动声学(CAA)方法与浸入式边界方法(IBM)相结合数值求解气动噪声预测所需的伴随格林函数.根据伴随格林函数的基本形式,文中设计了特定的圆柱声散射算例,并将数值结果与解析解对比,分析该方法的计算精度,验证了该方法在复杂几何边界条件下伴随格林函数求解中的适用性.最后应用该方法求解了考虑吊挂安装效应的锯齿型喷管喷流剪切层内的伴随格林函数.结果表明:由于喷流剪切层的散射效应,伴随格林函数在喷流内分布不均匀,最大值比最小值高出3倍以上,反映了喷流内不同区域声源对远场噪声贡献的差别,降噪设计可以重点考虑降低格林函数较大区域的声源强度以达到降低噪声的目的.