不确定性载荷作用下的零件时变可靠性模型

分析现有时变可靠性建模方法的特点,建立不确定性载荷作用下的零件时变可靠性模型,给出基于载荷和强度分布的零件可靠度和失效率计算表达式。研究载荷作用的特点,建立不确定性载荷作用过程的二维描述法。在此基础上,分别得到强度不退化和退化时的零件时变可靠性表达式。研究表明,即使强度不退化,零件的可靠度和失效率也会随时间逐渐降低;强度退化时,可靠度随时间降低较为明显,失效率具有“浴盆”曲线的特征。在载荷和强度分布已知的情况下,可直接运用本文模型计算零件在任意时刻的可靠度和失效率。当给定许用失效率时,运用本文模型可以更客观地划分零件的早期失效期、偶然失效期和耗损失效期,进而确定零件筛选试验时间、可靠寿命等指标,对零件进行全寿命周期管理。     

Variability study of the crest-to-trough TEC ratio of the equatorial ionization anomaly around 120°E longitude

In this paper, latitudinal profiles of the vertical total electron content (TEC) deduced from the dual-frequency GPS measurements obtained at ground stations around 120°E longitude were used to study the variability of the equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA). The present study mainly focuses on the analysis of the crest-to-trough TEC ratio (TEC-CTR) which is an important parameter representing the strength of EIA. Data used for the present study covered the time period from 01 January, 1998 to 31 December, 2004. An empirical orthogonal function analysis method is used to obtain the main features of the TEC-CTR’s diurnal and seasonal variations as well as its solar activity level dependency. Our results showed that: (1) The diurnal variation pattern of the TEC-CTR at 120°E longitude is characterized by two remarkable peaks, one occurring in the post-noon hours around 13–14 LT, and the other occurring in the post-sunset hours around 20–21 LT, and the post-sunset peak has a much higher value than the post-noon one. (2) Both for the north and south crests, the TEC-CTR at 120°E longitude showed a semi-annual variation with maximum peak values occurring in the equinoctial months. (3) TEC-CTR for the north crest has lower values in summer than in winter, whereas TEC-CTR for the south crest does not show this ‘winter anomaly’ effect. In other words, TEC-CTR for both the north and south crests has higher values in the northern hemispheric winter than in the northern hemispheric summer. (4) TEC-CTR in the daytime post-noon hours (12–14 LT) does not vary much with the solar activity, however, TEC-CTR in the post-sunset hours (19–21 LT) shows a clear dependence on the solar activity, its values increasing with solar activity.     

An inverse design method for supercritical airfoil based on conditional generative models

Inverse design has long been an efficient and powerful design tool in the aircraft industry.In this paper, a novel inverse design method for supercritical airfoils is proposed based on generative models in deep learning. A Conditional Variational Auto Encoder(CVAE) and an integrated generative network CVAE-GAN that combines the CVAE with the Wasserstein Generative Adversarial Networks(WGAN), are conducted as generative models. They are used to generate target wall Mach distributions for the inve...     

空间发电系统热能储存容器的二维模型

高温熔盐相变储热是空间太阳能热动力发电系统的关键技术之一。基于微重力状态下的传热控制微分方程, 采用焓法对相变材料容器进行了二维数值分析。建立了一种新的空穴模型, 改进了以往的模拟计算, 对计算结果给予了讨论。      

(鱼参)科类鱼尾模型的巡游推进特性实验研究

通过对不同形状运动尾鳍模型的测力实验,研究了鱼 参科鱼类巡游时尾鳍的推进特性.结果表明:模型转动与平动间的相位差对模型受到推力的大小及方向有显著影响,在转动滞后平动90°附近模型受到较大推力.对于五种不同的尾鳍模型,虽然形状各异,但它们受到的平均推力正比于无量纲二阶矩与模型面积的乘积.     

一种基于滑动库的多模自适应控制方法

针对系统参数跳变时常规自适应控制闭环系统暂态响应差的问题,论文提出了一种基于滑动库的多模自适应控制方法。该控制器由多个参数已知的固定模型,一个自适应模型和一个滑动模型库构成。固定模型由被控对象在特定环境下的特征模型直接映射获得,其参数和其邻域一起覆盖被控对象的参数集;自适应模型对被控对象进行在线参数辨识,其参数被用来动态更新固定模型库;滑动模型库根据当前的工作点从固定模型库中选择离工作点较近的部分模型参与控制,优化控制模型集,减少计算量。仿真实验的结果表明了该方法的有效性。     

两种湍流模型及其可压缩修正在高超压缩拐角中的评估(英文)

采用在高阶精度差分格式对SA湍流模型和SST湍流模型及相应的可压缩修正模型在高超拐角流中进行了评估。可压缩修正方式考虑了密度梯度、压力膨胀和湍流马赫数等方法。为了减小数值误差与模型误差之间的混淆,控制方程的对流项采用了5阶精度的加权紧致非线性格式(WCNS-E-5),粘性项采用了一种半结点/结点交错的4阶中心格式。通过对马赫数为9.22的15度拐角和34度拐角湍流的模拟,考察了原始湍流模型及其修正模型的效果。计算表明:原始SST模型对高超拐角湍流的预测比原始SA模型准确,这种准确主要体现在对分离区预测、再附点附近压力和热流峰值预测上。通过混合采用Catris和Shur等的方法对 SA模型进行可压缩修正可以大大改进模拟效果。在SST模型的可压缩修正方法中,Catris的修正方法最好;考虑压力膨胀修正后得到的分离区远远偏大,比本原始SST模型更差;考虑湍流马赫数的修正方法得到的分离区偏小。本文还给了部分低阶格式的计算结果,高阶格式与低阶格式相比,对分离区大小、再附点附近的压力和热流峰值等的预测准度有所改进。     

Harmonic analysis of the ionospheric electron densities retrieved from FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC radio occultation measurements

In order to investigate the regular variations of the ionosphere, the least-squares harmonic estimation is applied to the time series of ionospheric electron densities derived from about five years of Global Positioning System radio occultation observations by FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC satellites. The analysis is done for different latitudes and altitudes in the region of Iran. The least-squares harmonic estimation is found to be a powerful tool for the frequency analysis of the completely unevenly spaced time series of radio occultation measurements. Although the obtained results are slightly different from the exact expected cycles (i.e. annual and diurnal components with their Fourier decompositions, and the 27-day period) due to the low horizontal resolution of radio occultation measurements, high vertical resolution of the observations enables us to detect not only the total electron content variations but also periodic patterns of electron densities at different altitudes of the ionosphere. The dominant diurnal and annual signals together with their Fourier series decompositions are obtained, which are consistent with the previous analyses on the total electron content. In the equatorial anomaly band, the annual component is weaker than its Fourier decomposition periods. In particular, the semiannual period dominates the annual component, indicating the relationship between the semiannual variation of the electron densities and the ionospheric equatorial anomaly. From detection of the phases of the components, it is revealed that the annual signal generally has its maximum value in summers at high altitudes, and in the winters at low altitudes. This is probably due to the higher [O/N₂] ratios in winter than in the summer in the lower ionosphere. Furthermore, the semiannual component mostly peaks around solstices or about a month before/after them.     

测量液体推进剂剩余量的体积激励法

首先给出了以贮箱内气体为对象的一般热力学测量控制方程,完成气体及液体体积的计算; 以贮箱系统为研究对象,建立了系统处于等温、绝热及非等温条件下的热力学模型,考虑了气体与液体、贮箱壁的传热传质等因素,得出了比较理想的测量模型。其次,对影响测量的系统误差进行了分析,建立了各种影响因素的误差模型,并提出了相应的修正措施。然后,给出了在现有技术水平下测量的最大误差,结果表明测量误差在贮箱总体积的1%以内。最后,对激励频率、体积改变量大小及测量设备等相关应用技术问题进行了分析讨论与合理设计。体积激励法是一种可满足测量精度和耗能要求的良好方法。     

基于径向基神经网络的气动热预测代理模型

为快速获取高超声速飞行器表面热流数据并缩短飞行器气动热设计周期,提出了一种基于径向基神经网络的气动热快速预测代理模型方法。首先,在飞行器表面每一个离散化的网格节点单独构造一种正则化的径向基神经网络。随后,通过训练集对所有网络同时进行训练,获得各自网络的连接权值。最后,所有网格节点的神经网络协同预测飞行器表面不同位置的热流。对NASA火星实验室的椭圆钝化高超声速飞行器的应用表明,所提出的代理模型方法在模型训练完成后能够快速进行飞行器表面热流预测,并且模型具有良好的泛化能力,在驻点及迎风大面积区域热流预测结果与数值模拟的偏差在10%以内。