Modeling of 3-D Corotating Cosmic-Ray Structures in the Heliosphere

We present a brief review of the modeling of corotating 3-dimensional features in heliospheric cosmic rays. The model heliosphere incorporates a wavy current sheet and Corotating Interaction Regions (CIRs). We find that present models can qualitatively account for the observed extension of recurrent 26-day cosmic-ray variations to high heliospheric latitudes if perpendicular diffusion is significant. The recurrent enhancement of low-energy (MeV) particles accelerated at CIR-s is also shown to fit into this same picture.     

Total electron content measurements in ionospheric physics

With the advent of modern global networks of dual-frequency Global Positioning System (GPS), total electron content (TEC) measurements along slant paths connecting GPS receivers and satellites at 22,000 km have become the largest data set available to ionospheric scientists. The TEC can be calculated from the time and phase delay in the GPS signal using the GPS Toolkit, but an unknown bias will remain. In addition, UHF/VHF radio beacons on board low-Earth-orbiting satellites can also be used to measure the electron content. However, the TEC measurements are obtained by integrating TEC differences between slant paths, but also contain biases. It is often necessary to use data assimilative algorithms like the Ionospheric Data Assimilation Three-Dimensional (IDA3D), and to treat both GPS- and LEO-beacon TEC measurements as relative data in order to conduct ionospheric studies.     

基于径向基神经网络的气动热预测代理模型

为快速获取高超声速飞行器表面热流数据并缩短飞行器气动热设计周期,提出了一种基于径向基神经网络的气动热快速预测代理模型方法。首先,在飞行器表面每一个离散化的网格节点单独构造一种正则化的径向基神经网络。随后,通过训练集对所有网络同时进行训练,获得各自网络的连接权值。最后,所有网格节点的神经网络协同预测飞行器表面不同位置的热流。对NASA火星实验室的椭圆钝化高超声速飞行器的应用表明,所提出的代理模型方法在模型训练完成后能够快速进行飞行器表面热流预测,并且模型具有良好的泛化能力,在驻点及迎风大面积区域热流预测结果与数值模拟的偏差在10%以内。     

Numerical simulation of equatorial plasma bubbles over Cachimbo: COPEX campaign

The problem of day-to-day variability in onset of equatorial spread F (ESF) is addressed using data from the 2002 COPEX observational campaign in Brazil and numerical modeling. The observational results show that for values of virtual height of the F layer base less than 355 km at around 18:35 LT, and for the prereversal peak enhancement of the vertical plasma drift (Vp) less than 30 m/s, the spread-F (ESF) was absent on four nights over Cachimbo (9.5°S, 54.8°W, dip latitude = −2.1°). In this work we analyze the geophysical conditions for the generation of the irregularities by comparing the nights with and without the ESF. In the comparison a numerical code is used to simulate plasma irregularity development in an extended altitude range from the bottom of the equatorial F   layer. The code uses the flux corrected transport method with Boris–Book’s flux limiter for the spatial integration and a predictor–corrector method for the direct time integration of the continuity equation for O⁺${\mathrm{O}}^{+}$ and the SOR (Successive-Over-Relaxation) method for electric potential equation. The code is tested with different evening eastward electric fields (or vertical drifts Vp < 30 m/s and Vp > 30 m/s) in order to study the influence of the prereversal enhancement in the zonal electric field on plasma bubble formation and development. The code also takes into account the zonal wind, the vertical electric field and the collision frequency of ions with neutrals and the amplitude of initial perturbation. The simulation shows a good agreement with the observational results of the ESF. The results of the code suggest that the instability can grow at the F layer bottomside by the Rayleigh–Taylor mechanism only when the Vp > 30 m/s. In the analyzed cases we have considered the competition of other geophysical parameters in the generation of plasma structures.     

Surface latent heat flux anomalies quasi-synchronous with ionospheric disturbances before the 2007 Pu’er earthquake in China

One of various mechanisms of pre-earthquake lithosphere–atmosphere–ionosphere coupling as possible explanation of the seismo-ionospheric effects is connected with the release of latent heat. Abnormal variations of ionospheric electromagnetic parameters possibly related to the 2007 Ms 6.4 Pu’er earthquake in China were reported. This paper attempts to examine whether there were abnormal changes of surface latent heat flux (SLHF) linked with this pre-earthquake ionospheric disturbances. The spatio-temporal statistical analyzes of multi-years SLHF data from USA NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis Project reveal that local SLHF enhancements appeared 11, 10 and 7 days before the Pu’er earthquake, respectively. As contrasted to the formerly reported local ionospheric Ne enhancement 9 days before the shock observed by DEMETER satellite, it is discovered that the SLHF and Ne anomalies are quasi-synchronous and have good spatial correspondence with the epicentre and the local active faults. This is valuable for understanding the seismogenic coupling processes and for recognizing earthquake anomaly with multiple parameters from integrated Earth observation system.     

Harmonic analysis of the ionospheric electron densities retrieved from FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC radio occultation measurements

In order to investigate the regular variations of the ionosphere, the least-squares harmonic estimation is applied to the time series of ionospheric electron densities derived from about five years of Global Positioning System radio occultation observations by FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC satellites. The analysis is done for different latitudes and altitudes in the region of Iran. The least-squares harmonic estimation is found to be a powerful tool for the frequency analysis of the completely unevenly spaced time series of radio occultation measurements. Although the obtained results are slightly different from the exact expected cycles (i.e. annual and diurnal components with their Fourier decompositions, and the 27-day period) due to the low horizontal resolution of radio occultation measurements, high vertical resolution of the observations enables us to detect not only the total electron content variations but also periodic patterns of electron densities at different altitudes of the ionosphere. The dominant diurnal and annual signals together with their Fourier series decompositions are obtained, which are consistent with the previous analyses on the total electron content. In the equatorial anomaly band, the annual component is weaker than its Fourier decomposition periods. In particular, the semiannual period dominates the annual component, indicating the relationship between the semiannual variation of the electron densities and the ionospheric equatorial anomaly. From detection of the phases of the components, it is revealed that the annual signal generally has its maximum value in summers at high altitudes, and in the winters at low altitudes. This is probably due to the higher [O/N₂] ratios in winter than in the summer in the lower ionosphere. Furthermore, the semiannual component mostly peaks around solstices or about a month before/after them.     

测量液体推进剂剩余量的体积激励法

首先给出了以贮箱内气体为对象的一般热力学测量控制方程,完成气体及液体体积的计算; 以贮箱系统为研究对象,建立了系统处于等温、绝热及非等温条件下的热力学模型,考虑了气体与液体、贮箱壁的传热传质等因素,得出了比较理想的测量模型。其次,对影响测量的系统误差进行了分析,建立了各种影响因素的误差模型,并提出了相应的修正措施。然后,给出了在现有技术水平下测量的最大误差,结果表明测量误差在贮箱总体积的1%以内。最后,对激励频率、体积改变量大小及测量设备等相关应用技术问题进行了分析讨论与合理设计。体积激励法是一种可满足测量精度和耗能要求的良好方法。     

两种湍流模型及其可压缩修正在高超压缩拐角中的评估(英文)

采用在高阶精度差分格式对SA湍流模型和SST湍流模型及相应的可压缩修正模型在高超拐角流中进行了评估。可压缩修正方式考虑了密度梯度、压力膨胀和湍流马赫数等方法。为了减小数值误差与模型误差之间的混淆,控制方程的对流项采用了5阶精度的加权紧致非线性格式(WCNS-E-5),粘性项采用了一种半结点/结点交错的4阶中心格式。通过对马赫数为9.22的15度拐角和34度拐角湍流的模拟,考察了原始湍流模型及其修正模型的效果。计算表明:原始SST模型对高超拐角湍流的预测比原始SA模型准确,这种准确主要体现在对分离区预测、再附点附近压力和热流峰值预测上。通过混合采用Catris和Shur等的方法对 SA模型进行可压缩修正可以大大改进模拟效果。在SST模型的可压缩修正方法中,Catris的修正方法最好;考虑压力膨胀修正后得到的分离区远远偏大,比本原始SST模型更差;考虑湍流马赫数的修正方法得到的分离区偏小。本文还给了部分低阶格式的计算结果,高阶格式与低阶格式相比,对分离区大小、再附点附近的压力和热流峰值等的预测准度有所改进。     

Comparing TOPEX TEC measurements with IRI predictions

TEC values obtained from TOPEX satellite were compared with the International Reference Ionosphere (IRI) 2001 model estimates. The present work also shows results of the IRI model with the option of a new topside electron density distribution (NeQuick model). TOPEX TEC measurements, which include years of high and middle to low solar activity (2000 and 2004), were analyzed by binning the region covered by the satellite (±66°) every five degrees of modip. In general, there is good agreement between IRI predictions and Topex measurements. Cases with large disagreements are observed at low and high latitudes during high solar activity. Comparing the model predictions using the default IRI2001 model and the NeQuick topside option show that the default IRI 2001 version represents the observed data in a more realistic way, but appears to be less reliable at high and low latitudes in some cases.     

一种基于滑动库的多模自适应控制方法

针对系统参数跳变时常规自适应控制闭环系统暂态响应差的问题,论文提出了一种基于滑动库的多模自适应控制方法。该控制器由多个参数已知的固定模型,一个自适应模型和一个滑动模型库构成。固定模型由被控对象在特定环境下的特征模型直接映射获得,其参数和其邻域一起覆盖被控对象的参数集;自适应模型对被控对象进行在线参数辨识,其参数被用来动态更新固定模型库;滑动模型库根据当前的工作点从固定模型库中选择离工作点较近的部分模型参与控制,优化控制模型集,减少计算量。仿真实验的结果表明了该方法的有效性。