中性气体释放人工产生气辉

电离层中分子性的离子与电子的复合要比氧离子与电子的辐射性复合快得多,因此火箭发动机产生的尾气和空间等离子体主动实验中主动释放的中性气体会对电离层有很大的影响,这么大的电离层扰动现象在过去的实验中经常可以观测到.根据中性气体在热层背景中的扩散方程,考虑电离层F区主要的离子化学反应,研究了H2,H2O和CO2气体在电离层高度上的扩散过程和电离层对所释放气体的响应,计算了气辉的体发射系数和发射强度.结果表明,中性气体在电离层高度上扩散非常迅速,在F区的一些高度上,主要正离子成分由O+转变为其他分子离子,且在释放过程中伴随气辉发射,发射气辉的波长和特征与释放物质的种类有关.      

Application of Road Information in Ground Moving Target Tracking

A new algorithm is developed to achieve accurate state estimation in ground moving target tracking by means of using road information. It is an adaptive variable structure interacting multiple model estimator with dynamic models modification （DMM VS-IMM for short）. Firstly, road information is employed to modify the target dynamic models used by filter, including modification of state transition matrix and process noise. Secondly, road information is applied to update the model set of a VS-IMM estimator. Predicted state estimation and road information are used to locate the target in the road network on which the model set is updated and finally IMM filtering is implemented. As compared with traditional methods, the accuracy of state estimation is improved for target moving not only on a single road, but also through an intersection. Monte Carlo simulation demonstrates the efficiency and robustness of the proposed algorithm with moderate computational loads.     

三维边界层的湍流特性及其二阶矩模拟

根据现有实验数据,本文进一步分析了三维边界层内纵向涡对雷诺应力分布的影响,从而建立了一个足以模拟三维边界层湍流特性的二阶矩封闭模式。在新模式中,着重考虑了三维平均涡场引起的雷诺应力输运的非线性作用。以文[3]给出的模拟无限后掠翼实验为例,本文分别应用基准的二阶矩模式和新建立的非线性二阶矩模式对三维边界层内的雷诺应力分布作了数值预计。结果表明:应用基准二阶矩模式所得雷诺应力诸分量的预计值均比相应的测量值大得多,且完全不能预计切应力方向相对于速度梯度方向的滞后;而非线性二阶矩模式对雷诺应力分布的预计则基本上与测量数据符合,且能定性地模拟切应力方向相对于速度梯度方向的滞后。     

不同攻角对涡轮叶栅损失的影响

应用基于压力修正的三维计算流体动力学(CFD)程序,通过改变进口攻角,对不同工况下的涡轮叶栅流场进行了数值模拟.并结合CFD模拟结果,应用较合理的损失分离方法,对比分析了三种常用的变工况涡轮损失预测模型.结果表明:在正攻角情况下,随着攻角的增加,涡轮叶栅总压损失显著增加;在负攻角情况下,随着攻角的增加,涡轮叶栅总压损失则有种先减小后增大的趋势,但变化范围不大.而对于三种变工况涡轮损失预测模型来说,虽能基本上反映出涡轮损失随攻角的变化趋势,但预测结果差别很大.      

切油防喘系统工作时发动机推力响应

建立了某发动机切油防喘时的数学模型, 结合飞行试验所获取的数据, 计算了6种飞行条件下发动机最大工作状态下的推力变化规律, 为分析和解决有关由于防喘系统工作带来的问题提供依据, 且可为新机防喘系统设计和研制提供参考。      

编制飞机使用环境谱的任务－环境分析法

提出了编制飞机使用环境谱的任务－环境分析法,阐述了该方法的实施步骤。利用该方法编制了Ｎ５Ａ飞机使用环境谱。该方法具有通用性和工程实用价值,可用它编制各种飞机的使用环境谱。     

缓磨烧伤过程的计算机仿真研究

在关于缓磨时的磨削热 ,接触弧区换热过程以及工件表层非稳态温度场的深入研究的基础上 ,构造了一可用于计算缓磨烧伤前后工件表层温度场畸变历程的数学模型 ,并据此完成了关于缓磨烧伤过程的计算机仿真研究 ,仿真结果与实际吻合良好 ,它率先阐明了缓磨烧伤的热机理并且证明了缓磨烧伤是一具有明显前兆特征的典型渐变过程     

The local bubble

Recently, observations with the rosat PSPC instrument and the spectrometers onboard the euve satellite have given new detailed information on the structure and physical conditions of the Local Bubble. From the early rocket experiments, and in particular from the WISCONSIN Survey, the existence of a diffuse hot gas in the vicinity of the solar system, extending out to about 100 pc, has been inferred in order to explain the emission below 0.3 keV. The higher angular resolution and sensitivity of rosat made it possible to use diffuse neutral clouds as targets for shadowing the soft X-ray background. Thus, in some directions, more than half of the flux in the 0.25 keV band appears to come from outside the Local Bubble. Further, measurements of the diffuse EUV in the LISM, show surprisingly few emission lines. These findings are in conflict with the standard LHB model, which assumes a local hot (T 10⁶ K) plasma in CIE. Model calculations, based on the non-equilibrium cooling of an expanding plasma, show a promising way of reconciling all available observations. Thus the present temperature within the LB may be as low as 4 × 10⁴ K and its number density as large as 2 × 10^–2 cm ^–3, giving a total pressure that is roughly in agreement with the Local Cloud.Abbreviations CIE collisional ionization equilibrium - ISM Interstellar Medium - LHB Local Hot Bubble - LB Local Bubble - LISM Local ISM - SB superbubble - SXR soft X-ray - SXRB SXR Background - VLISM Very Local ISM Heisenberg Fellow     

载人航天轨道大气密度模式修正研究简

热层大气密度模式的误差,是影响载人航天定轨精度的关键因素.分析载人航天工程所用Jacchia、MSISE、DTM三类大气密度模式的误差特点,通过比较精度和稳定性,基于现有空间天气参数,选取MSISE模式作为基础模式.研究利用星载加速度计数据反演载人航天轨道大气密度的方法,以验证我国载人航天轨道实测数据的精度;同时利用天宫一号以及神舟二号、三号、四号实测密度数据,以及相应的航天测控数据,分析模式误差与地方时、纬度和高度因素之间的关系,讨论建立合适的三维误差库来存储模式误差的方法,研究平均误差修正法和加权误差修正法,建立NRLMSISE-00的误差修正模式.修正结果应用于交会对接任务,与完全不修正时模式平均11.44％的误差相比较,两种修正方法的误差均明显减小,分别为5.41％和4.99％;其中平均误差修正法和加权误差修正法在未来1天、2天、3天的修正结果的误差分别是4.06％、3.73％,6.06％、5.78％,6.13％、5.72％,表明提前1天的修正效果最好;同时比较累积1-5天的误差库滑动也可以看出,误差库累积1天的效果相对较好;比较两种方法的预测效果显示,加权误差修正法优于平均误差修正法.研究表明基于三维误差库的模式修正方法显著提高了载人航天轨道大气密度预测精度,可为交会对接等载人航天任务提供技术支持.     

Effect of turbulence models on predicting convective heat transfer to hydrocarbon fuel at supercritical pressure

A variety of turbulence models were used to perform numerical simulations of heat transfer for hydrocarbon fuel flowing upward and downward through uniformly heated vertical pipes at supercritical pressure. Inlet temperatures varied from 373 K to 663 K, with heat flux rang-ing from 300 kW/m2 to 550 kW/m2. Comparative analyses between predicted and experimental results were used to evaluate the ability of turbulence models to respond to variable thermophys-ical properties of hydrocarbon fuel at supercritical pressure. It was found that the prediction per-formance of turbulence models is mainly determined by the damping function, which enables them to respond differently to local flow conditions. Although prediction accuracy for experimental results varied from condition to condition, the shear stress transport (SST) and launder and sharma models performed better than all other models used in the study. For very small buoyancy-influenced runs, the thermal-induced acceleration due to variations in density lead to the impairment of heat transfer occurring in the vicinity of pseudo-critical points, and heat transfer was enhanced at higher temperatures through the combined action of four thermophysical properties: density, viscosity, thermal conductivity and specific heat. For very large buoyancy-influenced runs, the thermal-induced acceleration effect was over predicted by the LS and AB models.