Ionospheric Weather and Climate—— A Review on Chinese Works From 2004 to 2006

This paper reviews the recent studies on the ionospheric weather and climate. As a national report prepared for COSPAR, the works concerned here are limited to those made by Chinese scientists during 2004-2006. The main contents include the sudden ionospheric disturbances, the ionospheric storms, the traveling ionospheric disturbances, ionospheric variability, the annual and semiannual ionospheric variations, the solar cycle ionospheric variations, and the long term ionospheric changes.     

基于Kalman滤波的镍氢动力电池SOC估算方法

动力电池的荷电状态(SOC,State-of-Charge)是电动车能量控制的重要参数,针对镍氢动力电池,建立了一种新的状态空间模型.电池模型采用荷电状态和极化状态作为状态向量,考虑持续充放电时电荷累积效应对电池电压的影响,对模型的状态方程进行了优化,增加了电荷累积项,以提高模型在变电流充放电过程中的精度.根据Kalman最优滤波理论,设计了电池荷电状态Kalman滤波递推算法,估算方法考虑了电池电压、电流和电池温度,给出了递推计算公式.根据恒流充电、恒流放电、脉冲充/放电、变电流充/放电实验的实验数据,对模型进行了仿真分析.结果表明,采用Kalman滤波估算方法有利于提高动力电池的荷电状态估算精度,适合应用在混合动力电动车中.      

基于电离层暴时f_0F_2经验模型Kalman滤波短期预报

利用时间累积地磁指数印ap(T),建立了强地磁扰动条件下电离层f0F2与月中值相对偏差经验模型.该经验模型只在春秋季节和夏季特强地磁扰动条件ap(T)>100,即时间累积地磁指数大于100时达到理想精度.尝试利用气象预报中常用的Kalman滤波方法对模型的系数进行实时修正,以提高预报精度,并对长春站1986-1995年近一个太阳周f0F2数据进行提前一小时预报试验.冬季预报均方根误差为0.76MHz,春秋季节为0.68MHz,夏季为0.61MHz.在特强地磁扰动条件下,预测误差在0.87～1.43MHz之间.该预报方法同时与包含暴时修正模型STORM的国际参考电离层IRI2001进行了比较,展示了Kalman滤波方法实时修正模型系数的能力和良好的应用前景.     

Variability of the ionospheric electron density at fixed heights and validation of IRI-2007 profile’s prediction at Ilorin

A study on the variability of the equatorial ionospheric electron density was carried out at fixed heights below the F2 peak using one month data for each of high and low solar activity periods. The data used for this study were obtained from ionograms recorded at Ilorin, Nigeria, and the study covers height range from 100 km to the peak of the F2 layer for the daytime hours and height range from 200 km to the peak of the F2 layer for the nighttime hours. The results showed that the deviation of the electron density variation from simple Chapman variation begins from an altitude of about 200 km for the two months investigated. Daytime minimum variability of between 2.7% and 9.0% was observed at the height range of about 160 and 200 km during low solar activity (January 2006) and between 3.7% and 7.8% at the height range of 210 and 260 km during high solar activity (January 2002). The nighttime maximum variability was observed at the height range of 210 and 240 km at low solar activity and at the height range of 200 and 240 km at high solar activity. A validation of IRI-2007 model electron density profile’s prediction was also carried out. The results showed that B0 option gives a better prediction around the noontime.     

Comparison between HF propagation and DEMETER satellite measurements within the mid-latitude trough

The morphology of the auroral, sub-auroral and mid-latitude trough region of the ionosphere is strongly dependent on the interplanetary magnetic field and the level of geomagnetic activity. Changes in the morphology impact on the characteristics of HF signals propagating through these regions of the ionosphere. In order to develop a better understanding of these effects, a number of experiments have recently been undertaken in which the time of flight and direction of arrival of HF signals have been measured over several paths aligned along the mid-latitude trough. In addition, observations made by the DEMETER satellite of the mid-latitude trough electron density structure, dynamics and wave activity were used in order to investigate the effect of the fine structure of the ionosphere on HF signals. For two types of relatively common night time HF time of flight and azimuth of arrival behaviour (referred to here and elsewhere as ‘Type 1’ and ‘Type 2’ propagation), the signal behaviour is consistent with scatter from irregularities in the auroral region in the one case, and from irregularities present on the floor of the trough in the other.     

基于工效分析与过程仿真模型的机载设备拆装时间评估方法

机载设备拆装时间是重要的维修性设计指标,是选择或优化设计方案的重要参数。提出一种以过程 仿真模型为基础,综合考虑维修作业复杂度和维修工效评估结果的拆装时间综合评估方法。首先,将机载设备 拆装过程分解为基础维修活动单元,规划仿真过程并建立仿真模型;然后,使用模特分析法分析基础维修活动 时间,并根据维修作业复杂度与维修工效综合评估结果确定维修时间修正系数,修正基础维修活动时间;最后, 根据基础维修活动时间和工作流程评估机载设备拆装时间,并以飞机发动机拆卸时间分析为例进行应用验证。 结果表明:该方法可对机载设备拆装时间进行准确评估,能够满足飞机研制的需要。     

航空发动机叶尖径向间隙静电监测方法

提出航空发动机叶尖径向间隙静电监测方法,分别对叶尖荷电在点电荷与电荷分布条件下的静电感应过程建立数学模型,得到感应电荷量与叶尖径向间隙值、叶尖周向位置及叶尖电荷分布的关系。设计并搭建叶尖径向间隙静电监测模拟实验台,提取时域特征参数并分析叶尖径向间隙值及叶尖局部曲率对静电水平的影响。数学模型计算结果表明:①感应电荷量与叶尖径向间隙及叶尖相对传感器的径向位置绝对值呈负相关;②感应电荷量与叶尖所带电荷量呈正相关,且与电荷密度分布有关;③感应电荷量与叶尖尺寸及传感器尺寸有关。实验结果表明静电信号方均根值和整流平均值与叶间径向间隙值呈负相关,与叶尖局部曲率呈正相关,其结果与理论模型相符。      

分布式电推进飞机动力系统评估优化方法

以电推进飞机的动力系统作为研究对象,开展了以下研究工作：采用电力系统潮流计算方法,分析了采用高压直流供电体制的分布式电推进飞机电气系统,模拟了其在稳定运行状态与断路故障状态下的能量流动关系,同时分析了直流电压等级对电气系统的影响。搭建了完整的分布式电推进飞机动力系统仿真模型,依据基于时间和基于高度的飞行剖面,对比分析了纯电推进与涡轮电推进架构在推进功率、推进效率与航程3个评价指标上的优劣。建立了动力系统典型部件的参数化模型,并使用符号规划算法对建立的参数化模型进行了优化计算,比较了传统涡轮推进与涡轮电推进架构下动力系统质量与燃油消耗率间的优化权衡关系。研究结果为分布式电推进飞机混合动力系统的设计提供了有价值的正向设计方法。     

冷环境中人体热调节的数学模拟与研究

针对冷环境对人体的影响特点, 建立了冷环境中准三维人体热调节系统数学模型, 采用数值方法对人体热调节系统数学模型进行求解, 计算了不同冷环境条件下人体温度分布及动态响应, 计算结果与实验结果相符。     

随机取向短纤维增强SMC复合材料疲劳损伤模型

 讨论了复合材料疲劳损伤的数学描述方法，引用等效模量随疲劳过程的降低作为损伤的度量，借助于连续介质损伤力学ＣＤＭ，建立起损伤速率与循环次数之间的幂函数关系。试验发现，疲劳损伤的演变可分为３个阶段，而在一定的应力水平下，稳定扩展的第２阶段占据主导地位，为从理论上预测疲劳寿命成为可能。