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471.
K. Jelínek Z. Němeček J. Šafránková 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2008,41(10):1519-1527
The prediction of the bow shock location is a proof of our understanding of the processes governing the solar wind – magnetosphere interaction. However, the models describing the bow shock location as a function of upstream parameters are based on a statistical processing of bow shock crossings observed by a single spacecraft. Such crossings locate the bow shock in motion, i.e., in a non-equilibrium state and this fact can be a source of significant errors. We have carefully analyzed a long interval of simultaneous observations of the bow shock and magnetopause and another interval of bow shock observations at two well-separated points. Our results suggest that often a small-scale deformation of the bow shock front due to magnetosheath fluctuations is the most appropriate interpretation of observations. Since the low-frequency magnetosheath variations exhibit largest amplitudes, a simultaneous bow shock displacement over a distance of 10–15 RE can be observed. We suggest that bow shock models can be probably improved if the tilt angle would be implemented as a parameter influencing the bow shock location in high latitudes. 相似文献
472.
M.T.A.H. Muella P.R. Fagundes J.A. Bittencourt Y. Sahai W.L.C. Lima F. Becker-Guedes V.G. Pillat 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2008,41(4):599-610
Nighttime thermospheric meridional winds aligned to the magnetic meridian have been inferred using h′F and hpF2 ionosonde data taken from two equatorial stations, Manaus (2.9°S, 60.0°W, dip latitude 6.0°N) and Palmas (10.17°S, 48.2°W, dip latitude 6.2°S), and one low-latitude station, Sao Jose dos Campos (23.21°S, 45.86°W, dip latitude 17.26°S), during geomagnetic quiet days of August and September, 2002. Using an extension of the ionospheric servo model and a simple formulation of the diffusive vertical drift velocity, the magnetic meridional component of the thermospheric neutral winds is inferred, respectively, at the peak (hpF2) and at the base (h′F) heights of the F region over Sao Jose dos Campos. An approach has been included in the models to derive the effects of the electrodynamic drift over Sao Jose dos Campos from the time derivative of hpF2 and h′F observed at the equatorial stations. The magnetic meridional winds inferred from the two methods, for the months of August and September, are compared with winds calculated using the HWM-90 model and with measurements from Fabry–Perot technique. The results show varying agreements and disagreements. Meridional winds calculated from hpF2 ionospheric data (servo model) may produce errors of about 59 m/s, whereas the method calculated from the F-region base height (h′F) ionospheric data gives errors of about 69 m/s during the occurrence of equatorial spread-F. 相似文献
473.
X. Zou Z. Deng M. Ge G. Dick W. Jiang J. Liu 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2010
In order to obtain crustal deformations of higher spatial resolution, existing GPS networks must be densified. This densification can be carried out using single-frequency receivers at moderate costs. However, ionospheric delay handling is required in the data processing. We adapt the Satellite-specific Epoch-differenced Ionospheric Delay model (SEID) for GPS networks with mixed single- and dual-frequency receivers. The SEID model is modified to utilize the observations from the three nearest dual-frequency reference stations in order to avoid contaminations from more remote stations. As data of only three stations are used, an efficient missing data constructing approach with polynomial fitting is implemented to minimize data losses. Data from large scale reference networks extended with single-frequency receivers can now be processed, based on the adapted SEID model. A new data processing scheme is developed in order to make use of existing GPS data processing software packages without any modifications. This processing scheme is evaluated using a sub-network of the German SAPOS network. The results verify that the new scheme provides an efficient way to densify existing GPS networks with single-frequency receivers. 相似文献
474.
Gordon Reikard 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2013
Space weather series incorporate several distinct components, cycles at multiple frequencies, irregular trends, and nonlinear variability. The cycles are stochastic, i.e., the amplitude varies over time. Similarly, the trend is stochastic: the slope and direction of trending change repeatedly. This study sets out a combined model using both frequency and time domain methods, in two stages. In the first stage, a frequency domain algorithm is estimated and forecasted. In the second stage, the forecast is used as an input in a neural network. The combined model also includes a term enabling the model to react inversely to large deviations between the actual values and forecast. The models are evaluated using two data sets, the hemispheric power data obtained from the Polar Orbiting Environment satellites, and the Aa geomagnetic index. All the series are at a daily resolution. Forecasting experiments are run over horizons of 1–7 days. The models are estimated using a moving window or adaptive approach. The combined model consistently achieves the most accurate results. Among single equation methods, the frequency domain model is more accurate for the geomagnetic index because it is able to capture the underlying cycles more effectively. In the hemispheric power series, the cycles are less pronounced, so that time domain methods are more accurate, except at very short horizons. Nevertheless, in both data sets, the combined model works well because the frequency domain algorithm captures cyclical behavior, while the neural net is better able to capture short-term dependence and trending. 相似文献
475.
Pencho Marinov Shunrong Zhang Ivan Kutiev 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2013
The topside ionosphere scale height extracted from two empirical models are compared in the paper. The Topside Sounder Model (TSM) provides directly the scale height (HT), while the incoherent scatter radar ionospheric model (ISRIM) provides electron density profiles and its scale height (HR) is determined by the lowest gradient in the topside part of the profile. HT and HR are presented for 7 ISR locations along with their dependences on season, local time, solar flux F10.7, and geomagnetic index ap. Comparison reveals that HT values are systematically lower than respective HR values as the average offset for all 7 stations is 55 km. For the midlatitude stations Arecibo, Shigaraki, and Millstone Hill this difference is reduced to 43 km. The range of variations of HR is much larger than that of HT, as the HT range overlaps the lower part of the HR range. Dependences on ap, DoY and LT are much stronger in the ISRIM than in TSM. This results in much larger values of HR at higher ap. Diurnal amplitude of HR is much larger than that of HT, with large maximum of HR at night. The present comparison yields the conclusion that the ISR measurements provide steeper topside Ne profiles than that provided by the topside sounders. 相似文献
476.
477.
N. Polekh V. Ivanova V. Kurkin L. Chistyakova I. Poddelsky 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2010
This work studies the variations of HF characteristics and ionospheric parameters recorded over mid-latitude paths in the Russian East-Siberian region during magnetic storms on May 15, 1997, and September 24, 2006. The sharp wave-like changes in maximum observed frequencies (MOF) were recorded during the main phase of the investigated storms. Assuming that observed MOF variations can be produced by ionospheric disturbances propagating from the northern to the southern latitudes, a simulation of HF propagation conditions was carried out. 相似文献
478.
Recent developments in micro- and nano-satellites have attracted the interest of the research community worldwide. Many colleges and corporations have launched their satellites in space. Meanwhile, the space flexible probe–cone docking system for micro- and nano-satellites has become an attractive topic. In this paper, a dynamic model of a space flexible probe–cone docking system, in which the flexible beam technology is applied, is built based on the Kane method. The curves of impact force versus time are obtained by the Lagrange model, the Kane model, and the experimental method. The Lagrange model was presented in the reference and verified by both finite element simulation and experiment. The results of the three methods show good agreements on the condition that the beam flexibility and the initial relative velocity change. It is worth mentioning that the introduction of vectorial mechanics and analytical mechanics in the Kane method leads to a large reduction of differential operations and makes the modeling process much easier than that of the Lagrange method. Moreover, the influences of the beam flexibility and the initial relative velocity are discussed. It is concluded that the initial relative velocity of space docking operation should be controlled to a certain value in order to protect the docking system. a 2014 Production and hosting by Elsevier Ltd. on behalf of CSAA BUAA. 相似文献
479.
STUDYONIRONINGUSINGUPPER-BOUNDAPPROACHWuJianJun;MengXianyan(NorthwesternPolrtechnicalUniversity,,Xi'an,China,710072)STUDYONIR... 相似文献
480.