An investigation of the solar cycle impact on the lower thermosphere O(S) nightglow emission as observed by WINDII/UARS

The yearly variation of the integrated emission rate of the O(¹S) nightglow in the lower thermosphere is studied and the solar cycle impact is examined from the observations of the Wind Imaging Interferometer (WINDII) operated on the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS). More than 300,000 volume emission rate profiles of the O(¹S) nightglow observed by WINDII for 40°S–40°N latitudes during November 1991–August 1997 over half of a solar cycle are utilized. These profiles are vertically integrated for the altitude range of 80–100 km and the equivalent column integrated emission rates are then zonally averaged for bins with 10° latitude and 3 month intervals. It is found that for each latitude the O(¹S) nightglow emission rate appears to increase with increasing solar F10.7 cm flux, following a linear relationship. This characterizes the solar cycle impact on the O(¹S) nightglow, while the solar influence is modulated by a seasonal variation. Based on these variations, an empirical formula is derived for predicting the three-month averages of the O(¹S) nightglow integrated emission rate. The standard error of the estimated values from the formula is smaller than 30 Rayleigh.     

The relationship between ionospheric total electron content (TEC) over East Asia and the tropospheric circulation around the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau obtained with a partial correlation method

This paper reports a study on the relationship between ionospheric total electron content (TEC) over East Asia and the tropospheric circulation around the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Ionospheric TEC over East Asia are obtained from 25 observatories during 1996–2004. By applying a partial correlation method which can eliminate the influences of solar and geomagnetic activities, we find no significant correlation between TEC and the Asian zonal circulation index (Iz), but find a positive correlation between the day-to-day variability of TEC and Iz. We suggest that the positive correlation is closely related with the topography of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The dynamical effect on airflow of the plateau can generate vortexes, and the vortexes may continuously excite internal gravity waves (IGWs) which transmit up to the ionosphere and cause regional wave disturbances. This study gives evidence for the dynamical mechanism of ionosphere–troposphere coupling and shows the importance of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in the ionosphere–troposphere coupling over East Asia.     

基于混沌理论滚动轴承振动稳健化试验数据的动态分析

提出改进的Huber M方法是以中位数和Huber M方法两种稳健化处理相融合的一种对数据进行稳健化处理的方法.用中位数和数据平均值相似度判断数据是否有变异,根据变异率变化趋势确定变异率.发现在0%~10%变异率范围内,滚动轴承振动数据的连续性和可信度随着变异率的增加而增强.用混沌理论分析滚动轴承的动态特性,发现同一批次的滚动轴承振动有相同的时间延时、嵌入维数、最大Lyapunov指数,其中最大Lyapunov指数均大于0即属于混沌特征,进一步计算最大可预测周期,最大可预测周期为667个单位.滚动轴承振动时间序列物理空间的中位数和相空间的估计关联维数为非线性非单调性的内在运行机制,为滚动轴承振动的动态分析进一步提供可靠的依据.      

一种基于系数择优的低阶球谐电离层延迟改正模型

针对单频接收机的电离层延迟改正问题, 提出了一种基于系数择优的低阶球谐电离层延迟改正模型. 按照电离层延迟改正模型参数择优问题的描述, 明确参数优化的目标和约束条件, 根据参数选择可编码的特点, 提出了利用遗传算法进行参数择优的方法及步骤. 以欧洲定轨中心(CODE)提供的电离层数据作为参考标准, 对参数择优模型、 低阶球谐模型和Klobuchar模型模拟的区域电离层VTEC精度进行了比较分析. 结果表明, 较之相同系数个数的低阶球谐模型, 参数择优模型精度平均改进了1～2TECU, 而且比Klobuchar模型及低阶球谐模型能更好地反映电离层的周日变化及纬度变化特征.      

电离层等效电流体系对行星际激波的响应研究

行星际激波是导致地球磁层-电离层系统发生扰动的重要原因之一,其可以通过对磁层-电离层系统电流体系的改变来影响地磁变化.本文采用全球三维磁流体力学数值模拟方法,分析了行星际激波作用下电离层等效电流体系的即时响应.模拟结果表明,在激波作用下伴随着异常场向电流对的产生,电离层在午前午后出现一对反向的等效电流涡.这对涡旋一边向极侧和夜侧运动,一边经历强度增强和减弱直至消失的过程.激波过后等效电流体系图像逐渐演化为激波下游行星际条件控制的典型图像.这个响应过程与行星际激波强度有关,激波强度越强,则反向的等效电流涡旋强度越大,寿命也就越短.      

Study of mid-latitude ionospheric convection during quiet and disturbed periods using the SuperDARN Hokkaido radar

Westward ionospheric convective flows around midnight are frequently observed at mid-latitudes. They can be generated by so-called disturbance dynamo mechanisms working mainly in the mid-latitudes. To understand the influence of disturbance dynamo effects in the mid-latitudes, we studied the latitudinal distribution of westward flows in association with several kinds of geomagnetic disturbances using the SuperDARN Hokkaido radar. This radar creates high temporal resolution (1 s to 2 min), two-dimensional observations measuring the line-of-sight velocities of ionospheric plasma irregularities, which can be regarded as line-of-sight velocities of ionospheric convection in the mid-latitude region from 40° to 50°. This region could not be monitored using preexisting SuperDARN radars. In this study, we used ionospheric echo data obtained by the SuperDARN Hokkaido radar over 5 years (December 2006 to November 2011). We identified westward flows around midnight at about 40° to 55° geomagnetic latitude. Additionally, the data showed that the westward flow around midnight intensified under high geomagnetic activity (high Kp). This suggests that the disturbance dynamo could affect the mid-latitude ionospheric convection. We performed Superposed Epoch Analysis (SEA) to study the influences from the geomagnetic disturbances on mid-latitude ionospheric convection. We found no obvious influence during major storms (minimum Dst below −60 nT). SEA was also used to study the temporal and latitudinal dependence on the influences from substorms. From analysis of 36 events of AL-defined substorms, we saw that the influence of substorms lasted from 5 to 20 h after the onset between 44° and 53° geomagnetic latitude. The westward flow at mid-latitude grew to a maximum at 12 h after the geomagnetic substorm onset. This is consistent with the results of past numerical simulation studies of the disturbance dynamo effects.     

Some Investigations on the Ionosphere during 2012–2014 in China

In this national biannual report, we will outline some recent progresses in ionospheric studies conducted by Chinese scientists since 2012. The mentioned aspects include: the solar activity control of the ionosphere; couplings between the ionosphere, lower atmosphere and plasmasphere;ionospheric climatology and disturbances; ionospheric irregularities and scintillation; models, data assimilation and simulations; unusual phenomena of the ionosphere; possible seismic signatures presented in ionospheric observations, and some methodology progresses. These progresses will enhance our ability to observe the ionosphere, provide more reasonable understanding about the states of the ionosphere and underlying fundamental processes, and stimulate ionospheric modeling, forecasting and related applications.     

中性风和垂直漂移对低纬F区电离层影响初析

利用二维低纬电离层－等离子体层时变理论模式,模拟太阳活动高年春分条件下垂直漂移和中性风强度改变对低纬F区电离层参量的影响.模式在所考察的磁子午面内求解等离子体输运方程,给出离子浓度和速度随纬度、高度、地方时的变化.模式计算结果显示,调整垂直漂移和中性风强度对低纬F区电离层电子浓度的影响与电离层所处磁纬、垂直漂移和中性风作用时段等有关,呈现出一些新特点.结果对分析不同条件下垂直漂移和中性风对低纬F区电离层影响具有一定的指导意义.      

通过GPS测量数据研究电离层电子总含量的逐日变化

提出了一种直接通过双频GPS伪距测量数据导出接收站附近垂直TEC的方法,这种方法不需要事先知道卫星和接收机电路时延的精确值,前者可在换算过程中自洽地加以修正,而接收机时钟误差则利用IRI模式的夜晚平均值作为参考来订正,这一订正存在一定的绝对误差,但不会影响逐日相对变化,却使数据处理过程大为简化.得到的垂直TEC为天顶周围60锥角内的平均值,能够相当好地反映电离层电子总含量的周日变化.一个计算实例显示了连续三天北京地区TEC的日变化情况,证实了这一方法的实用性.文中还提出一个新概念或问题,即GPS卫星仰角很小时,通常认为多径效应造成大的误差,本文的一些实例似乎表明,这种多径效应的概念应当包括电离层不规则结构的贡献.     

地磁场与电离层异常现象及其与地震的关系

利用中国地磁台网与电离层台站资料,总结了大地震前出现的地磁低点位移、地磁日变异常及电离层f0F2(F2层临界频率)异常现象.对比研究了1997年11月8日玛尼7.5级与2001年11月14日昆仑山口西8.1级地震前磁场与电离层异常分布及特征.结果显示,两次巨大地震前磁场与电离层短临异常时空分布特征有较好的一致性,震中周围出现日变异常、拉萨台出现电离层f0F2明显异常;震前约1个月出现地磁低点位移,其突变分界线通过震中地区.