Mach reflection in steady supersonic flow considering wedge boundary-layer correction

Mach reflection in steady supersonic flow is an important phenomenon having received extensive studies, among which simplified theoretical models to predict the size of Mach stem and other flow structure are of particular interest. Past efforts for such models were based on inviscid assumption while in real cases the flow is viscous. Here in this paper we consider the influence of wedge boundary layer on the Mach stem height. This is done by including a simplified boundary layer model into a recently published inviscid model. In this viscous model, the wedge angle and the trailing edge height, which control the Mach stem height, are replaced by their equivalent ones accounting for the displacement effect of the wedge boundary layer, with the boundary layer assumed to be laminar or fully turbulent. This viscous model is shown to compare well with numerical results by computational fluid dynamics and gives a Mach stem height as function of the Reynolds number and Mach number. It is shown that due to the viscous effect, the Mach stem height is increased, through increasing the effective wedge angle.     

The ionospheric response to high-intensity long duration continuous AE activity (HILDCAA) event (13–15 April 2005) over mid-latitude African region

The ionospheric responses to High-Intensity Long Duration Continuous Auroral Electrojet Activity (HILDCAA) event which happened following the CIR-driven storm were studied over the southern hemisphere mid-latitude in the African sector. The 13–15 April 2005 event was analysed to understand some of the mechanisms responsible for the ionospheric changes during HILDCAA event. The ionosonde critical frequency of F2 layer (foF2) and Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) Total Electron Content (TEC) were used to analyse the ionospheric responses. The daytime increase in foF2 and TEC values were observed on 13 April 2005. The TEC and foF2 enhancement could be attributed to Large Scale Traveling Ionospheric Disturbances (LSTIDs), increase in thermospheric neutral composition changes, Prompt Penetration Electric Field (PPEF) and an expansion of Equatorial Ionization Anomaly (EIA) to the mid-latitude.     

基于落点预测的高旋火箭弹弹道修正算法

高旋火箭弹的修正控制是基于等效力实现的二维弹道修正控制，由于弹体存在陀螺进动和马格努斯效应，在控制力作用下产生的附加攻角引起的升力与控制力的矢量合为等效力，其大小与方向在控制过程中不断变化，不能简单根据偏差量（修正量）的比例关系来确定控制力的方向。基于此，分析了控制力与等效力的关系，提出了一种基于弹道落点预测的控制算法。首先利用弹道落点预测模型实时预测落点与目标的偏差量，然后利用小扰动法构造偏差量对控制量的敏感系数矩阵，通过偏差量与敏感系数矩阵解算出纵、横两个方向的需用控制量。采用修正前后速度矢量的位置关系得到控制量的合矢量及其方位角，并利用控制量的合矢量与等效力计算出控制周期，在控制周期内按照等效力方位角调整控制力的方向实现对高旋火箭弹的精确控制，解决了非线性耦合问题。仿真结果表明该算法具有较高的控制精度，为工程应用提供理论依据。     

Monthly trends in temporal and spatial distribution of Ionospheric Irregularities across the African region during the descending phase of solar cycle 24

Ionospheric irregularities are well-known phenomena associated with ionospheric scintillation. These irregularities comprise steep electron density gradients in the equatorial F region some 1 to 2 h after sunset in regions close to the geomagnetic equator. Using the IGS network of GNSS receivers spread across the low-latitude region over the African sector, we present the monthly trends in ionospheric irregularity activity levels based on Rate of TEC Index (ROTI) during the declining phase of solar 24. The monthly trends are statistically represented by counts of the night time ROTI values exceeding a threshold of 0.4 TECU/min. A clear trend emerges on the irregularity occurrence across the African sector: during the first four months of the year, the irregularity occurrence is highly pronounced on the western side of the region. The irregularity occurrence then shifts to the eastern side during the months of May, June, July, and August. During the last four months of the year, the irregularity occurrence is again more intense on the western side of Africa than on the eastern side. The occurrence of irregularity structures on only one side of the region during a given night is an unusual feature reported here for the first time.     

Modeling the pre-earthquake electrostatic effect on the F region ionosphere

This paper presents the results of modeling the ionospheric effect of the seismogenic electrostatic field (SEF) seen at the earth’s surface as a perturbation of the vertical atmospheric electrostatic field in the earthquake preparation zone. The SEF distribution at ionospheric altitudes is obtained as an analytical solution of the continuity equation for the electric current density. It is shown that at night, the horizontally large scale SEF can efficiently penetrate into the ionosphere and produce noticeable changes in the horizontal distribution of the F region electron density. The results suggest that the seismogenic electrostatic field could be a possible source for the ionospheric variations observed over Taiwan before the strong Chi Chi earthquake of September 21, 1999.     

H—5飞机灵活推力起飞探讨

根据目前训练飞行不挂炸弹,起飞质量较轻,冬季飞行发动机推力较大这一特点,通过理论分析及计算,得出了正常起飞质量下起飞所需转速随大气温度的关系,并通过反复试飞证明这一结论是正确的,且对使用小转速起飞的优点作了分析。     

GPS广域增强系统电离层延迟网格修正算法的研究

建立了一种广域增强系统地面监测网对电离层延迟的观测数据生成网格修正值算法,并在天津,长春,西安三地通过用双频接收机同时采集的电离层延迟实测数据,对广域增强系统的电离层网格修正法的修正精度进行验证,并与一般用户目前采用的Ｋｌｏｂｕｃｈａｒ模型修正法进行了比较,结果表明,电离层延迟网格修正法的修正精度普遍大于８０％,优于Ｋｌｏｂｕｃｈａｒ模型修正法,是一种精度较高的电离层实时修正法。     

利用校正环节提高三级电液伺服阀动态响应的探讨

论述了通过三级电液伺服阀控制器的改进，利用校正环节提高三级电液伺服阀的阻尼，降低谐振峰值，进而提高三级电液阀的动态响应．     

经纬仪横轴与竖轴垂直度误差分析与检定

分析了经纬仪横轴与竖轴垂直度误差的产生原因及该误差对水平方向观测值的影响，给出了该误差的检定方法，对高低点法和高平点法检定精度进行了分析，并以实验进行了验证。     

某型飞机导航系统惯导校正方式研究

从校正方式组成及原理入手,详细地介绍了某型飞机导航系统惯导几种校正方式的使用特点及相互交联关系。通过数学模型的建立,对几种校正方式的逻辑关系和转换关系进行了整理。本文的研究,为该型飞机导航系统校正方式控制率的改进研制,提供了相应的理论支持。