均匀各向同性大气湍流对声爆传播特性的影响

基于离散Fourier模态有限和生成的随机大气湍流场，采用修正波形参数方法，开展了均匀各向同性大气湍流对典型超声速客机声爆传播特性的影响分析。计算采用的超声速客机模型为自行生成的简化超声速公务机模型。首先，应用航空工业空气动力研究院自主研制的CFD软件ARI_Overset在三维空间求解Navier-Stokes方程，得到作为声爆远场传播初始值的近场空间压力分布；其次，基于Von Karman能量谱，采用离散Fourier模态有限和形式生成随机均匀各向同性大气湍流场；最后，采用修正波形参数方法模拟了声爆信号在随机速度湍流场中的传播过程。数值结果表明：各向同性大气湍流对于地面声爆特征有重要影响。与无湍流状态相比，均匀各向同性大气湍流使得地面声爆特征增强的概率约为55%，使得地面声爆特征减弱的概率约为45%，故总体而言大气湍流效应更倾向于增强地面声爆特征；均匀各向同性大气湍流对于声爆传播路径影响相对较小，但是这一变化仍会导致地面信号接收点的不确定性。     

Observation of the north-south asymmetry in the equatorial spread F intensity at the Brazilian longitude

This study presents an analysis of the observed north-south asymmetry of the range spread F (RSF) intensity at the low latitude region during an equinoctial month of different solar epochs (2002, 2015 and 2017). The ionospheric parameters were obtained during geomagnetic quiet days from four digisonde stations located along the Brazilian longitude, which include a dip equator station (Sao Luiz (SL: 2.33 S, 44.2 W)), conjugate stations (Campo Grande (CG: 20.5°S, 55°W) and Boa Vista (BV: 2.8°N, 60.7°W)) and another low latitude station (Cachoeira Paulista (CP: 22.7°S, 45°W)). The results highlight the competing effect of the post-sunset electric field strength and the trans-equatorial wind on the latitudinal distribution of the irregularity intensity at both hemispheres under varying background ionospheric condition. The RSF intensity was seen to reduce as the solar flux index decreased and the latitudinal peak shifted closer to the dip equator. This was dependent on the variation of the field line mapped irregularity spectrum and the density gradient. Likewise, the north-south asymmetry in the irregularity occurrence was seen to become more significant as a denser ionosphere was observed at the hemisphere with the equatorward meridional wind. This has further proven that the non-linear cascading of the plasma irregularity across the low latitude region is strongly influenced by the local electric field.     

热力学排气系统中节流效应及其冷量利用分析

为更好地理解热力学排气系统(TVS)的运行机理，优化其运行参数，针对节流装置，建立了热力学模型，讨论了节流过程中状态参数的变化规律，对比了单相气体、单相液体节流的性能特性，进一步揭示了焦汤节流效应的原理，分析了不同节流背压下节流前低温工质(液氢和液氧)压力和温度对节流性能的影响，并结合TVS实际应用，阐述了节流最大制冷量的利用效果，提出了优化的TVS工作区间。研究表明：在节流过程不发生相变情况下单相气体节流制冷效应要比单相液体节流制冷效应更加显著；而在节流过程发生相变情况下液体节流至两相后，由于空化吸热导致流体温度降低，对于液氢，0.5MPa的压降可产生接近3 K的温降。对于液体节流，节流前压力对节流过程影响可忽略，〖JP2〗而节流前温度和节流背压对节流过程起主导作用；对于液氢在在轨运行工况下，考虑到节流制冷量的充分利用，同时保证换热过程体积含气率不高于90%，推荐TVS系统中节流背压范围为75～143 kPa。     

Diurnal and seasonal variations in long-term changes in the E-layer critical frequency

Long-term changes in the E-layer critical frequency, foE, at three stations of the European region (Juliusruh, Slough and Rome) and also at Moscow and Wakkanai stations are analyzed by the method developed by the authors and described in detail in the previous papers. It is found that Juliusruh and Slough stations demonstrate a well-pronounced change in foE (a trend) during two previous decades. At the same time, the same features of the behavior of the aforementioned trend k(foE) are obtained. The trend is positive and negative in the morning and evening hours, respectively. Similar diurnal behavior of k(foE) is found also for Moscow station but with lower absolute values of the trends. A well-pronounced seasonal behavior of k(foE) is detected at Juliusruh and Slough: the trend is minimal and maximal in the summer period and at the end of fall—beginning of winter, respectively. The maximal amplitude in the morning hours reaches +0.04?MHz per year, whereas the minimal amplitude in evening hours is ?0.06?MHz per year. No systematic changes exceeding by the magnitude 0.01?MHz per year are found for Rome and Wakkanai stations. It is assumed that the observed trends are related to changes (trends) in the meridional wind bringing NO molecules from the auroral oval to lower latitudes.     

Aerodynamics of smart flap under ground effect

Aerodynamic characteristics of two-dimensional smart flap under the ground effect have been assessed by a numerical simulation. In this process, a pressure-based implicit procedure to solve Navier–Stokes equations on a nonorthogonal mesh with collocated finite volume formulation is used. The boundedness criteria for this procedure are determined from the Normalized Variable Diagram (NVD) scheme. The procedure incorporates the k–ε eddy–viscosity turbulence model. Cantilever beam with uniformly varying load with roller support at the free end is considered for the configuration of the smart flap. The method is first validated against experimental data. Then, the algorithm is applied for turbulent aerodynamic flows around airfoil with smart and conventional flaps for different attack angle, flap angle and ground clearance where the results of two flaps are compared. The comparisons show that the quality of the solution is considerable.     

野战环境下大型飞机超低空气动特性分析

针对野战环境下的大型飞机超低空飞行,采用CFD方法对地面存在前向或横向不对称障碍物时地面效应对气动参数的影响进行了数值分析,包括纵向稳定性和侧向摇晃等问题.研究结果表明,野战等非常规飞行条件下,地面不确定障碍物会造成大型飞机稳定性变差,严重时可能出现纵向点头和横侧向摇晃现象,容易导致触地危险.最后,从现代飞行控制理论角度提出了对常规布局大型飞机进行闭环控制的研究思路.     

日照边缘区域电离层对耀斑的响应特点研究

利用MSIS模型和背景太阳辐射谱模型,在一定大耀斑辐射谱假设的前提下,计算了耀斑期间日照边缘区域的电子产生率,分析了这一区域电离层电子密度的变化特点.结果表明,大耀斑期间在日照边缘区域,甚至大于太阳天顶角90°的区域都有明显的电子产生率的增加.从不同太阳天顶角处的电子产生率剖面的形态来看,随着天顶角的增加最大电离率减少,但高度增加.计算还显示了在太阳天顶角小于90°的区域内电子产生率的垂直分布有明显的双峰结构,这种结构对应着电离层的E区和F区,但在天顶角大于90°区域,F区的电子产生率要大得多.考虑到离子和电子的复合过程,这一区域的总电子含量的增加主要产生在高F区.      

地面效应对尾涡消散的影响研究

采用大涡模拟方法可以分析和计算近地阶段尾涡消散和运动规律,但模型繁琐、计算复杂。本研究基于镜像涡方法建立了形式相对简单、计算迅速的近地尾涡运动模型和消散模型,计算结果与激光雷达测量数据和大涡模拟数据的偏差都不超过5％,满足动态尾涡间隔研究的需要。     

考虑小载荷强化的模糊疲劳寿命预测理论

在实际工程应用中,多选用Miner法则进行疲劳寿命预测。由于小载荷特别是在疲劳极限附近的载荷对结构或材料的损伤不容忽略,考虑到小载荷的每一次循环对材料产生损伤的同时还产生了强化作用,建立了基于小载荷强化损伤的寿命预测模型以及相应的模糊疲劳寿命计算公式。该模型不但考虑了低于疲劳极限的载荷的强化作用,还引入隶属函数来描述小载荷的累积损伤的模糊性,完善了Miner法则的适用范围,提高了预测精度。两个不同载荷谱的疲劳寿命预测实例验证了该模型的有效性。     

基于局部三角变换的OFDM系统

正交频分复用(OFDM)调制技术由于具有良好的抗多径干扰能力和高效的频谱利用率,在许多数字传输系统中被广泛应用,成为当今卫星通信研究的热点。本文提出了基于局部三角变换（LTT）的OFDM系统模型,该系统带外频率谱密度下降快,并能保持相邻的OFDM符号的正交性。给出了用离散余弦变换（DCT）实现的快速算法及复杂度,并考查了最优基的选取。仿真和分析结果表明：该系统误码率比基于快速傅里叶变换（FFT）的系统更小,能更好地适应高速传输带来的大多普勒频移,更有效地利用带宽,为接收端对高速数据的解调提供很好的保证。