基于二级多点逼近算法的航天器结构优化设计

在某新型卫星结构研制的初样阶段,建立了卫星初始设计的有限元模型.以主承力桁架结构中各梁的截面尺寸为设计变量,考虑整星模态频率和强度约束,建立了以结构重量最轻为目标的优化模型.应用二级多点逼近优化算法进行了结构优化计算,在每一个计算周期中,原结构优化问题先转化为具有较高精度的第1级多点近似问题,该问题则通过可由对偶法快速求解的第2级近似问题逼近.经过初步试算、设计改进和再优化3个阶段,设置并进行了一系列的优化计算,逐步明确了设计的方向和各结构参数的取值范围,得到了合理的可行方案,为该卫星平台结构初样的详细设计提供了参考,同时表明所采用的优化方法适用于工程结构优化问题.      

EVA的形状记忆功能探讨

首先对形状记忆功能高分子的特性进行了分析,提出了形状记忆性能的评价指标,即形状回复率、形状固定率、形状回复速度等.并进一步探讨了乙烯-醋酸乙烯基共聚物(EVA)的形状记忆功能特性,研究发现,用过氧化二异丙苯(DCP)可对EVA进行适度交联,控制二者组分结构,从而控制EVA的交联程度,可使EVA具有优异的记忆功能特性,如形状回复率和形状固定率均可达95%以上;进一步分析了EVA的化学结构,讨论了分子结构与形状记忆性能的影响,并结合DMTA等热分析技术,对交联EVA的交联密度进行计算,结果表明EVA的交联点间分子量随DCP用量增加而下降,并且其交联程度与EVA的记忆特性存在着某种内在的必然联系,进一步研究分析发现其形状固定性与室温和橡胶态模量的比值呈线性关系,初步揭示了形状记忆机理.     

F-region ionospheric parameters observed in the equatorial and low latitude regions during medium solar activity in the Brazilian sector and comparison with the IRI-2007 model results

The ionospheric sounding observations using the Canadian Advanced Digital Ionosondes (CADIs) operational at Palmas (PAL; 10.2°S, 48.2°W; dip latitude 6.6°S; a near-equatorial station), and São José dos Campos (SJC, 23.2°S, 45.9°W; dip latitude 17.6°S; a low-latitude station located under the southern crest of the equatorial ionospheric anomaly), Brazil, are analyzed during the different seasons viz., winter (June and July 2003), spring (September and October 2003), summer (December 2003 and January 2004), and fall (March and April 2004). The period used has medium solar activity (sunspot number between 77.4 and 39.3). The seasonal mean variations (using only geomagnetically quiet days) of the ionospheric parameters foF2 (critical frequency of the F-region), hpF2 (virtual height at 0.834 foF2; considered to be close to hmF2 (peak height of the F-region)), and h’F (minimum virtual height of the F-region) are calculated and compared between PAL and SJC. The prominent differences between PAL and SJC are as follows: h’F variations show strong post-sunset enhancement at PAL during the seasons of spring, summer, and fall; hpF2 variations show pre-sunrise uplifting of the F-layer at both stations during all the seasons and the hpF2 values during the daytime are lower at SJC compared with PAL during all the seasons; the foF2 variations show mid-day bite-out at PAL during all the seasons and SJC shows strong equatorial ionospheric anomaly during summer and fall seasons. Also, the seasonal variations of the ionospheric parameters foF2 and hpF2 (with ±1 standard deviation) observed at PAL and SJC are compared with the IRI-2007 model results of foF2 and hmF2. In addition, variations of the foF2 and hpF2 observed at SJC are compared with the IRI-2001 model results of foF2 and hmF2. It should be pointed out that the ionospheric parameter hpF2 is much easier to obtain using computer program developed at UNIVAP compared with hmF2 (using POLAN program). During the daytime due to underlying ionization hpF2 estimated is higher (approximately 50 km) than the true peak height hmF2. During the nighttime hpF2 is fairly close to hmF2. The comparison between the foF2 variations observed at PAL and SJC with the IRI-2007 model results shows a fairly good agreement during all the seasons. However, the comparison between the hpF2 variations observed at PAL and SJC with the hmF2 variations with the IRI-2007 model results shows: (1) a fairly good agreement during the nighttime in all the seasons; (2) the model results do not show the pre-sunrise uplifting of the F-layer at PAL and SJC in any season; (3) the model results do not show the post-sunset uplifting of the F-layer at PAL; (4) considering that, in general, hpF2 is higher than hmF2 during the daytime by about 50 km, the model results are in good agreement at PAL and SJC during all the seasons except summer at SJC, when large discrepancies in the observed hpF2 and modeled hmF2 are observed. Also, it has been observed that, in general, hmF2 values for SJC calculated using IRI-2001 are higher than IRI-2007 during the daytime in winter, summer, and fall. However, hmF2 values for SJC calculated using IRI-2001, are lower than IRI-2007 during the nighttime in spring.     

微机在切削数据采集与处理中的应用

本文介绍了作者建立的微机辅助切削数据采集与处理系统,讨论了应用微机实现切削力、切削温度、刀具磨损的测量,并利用微机的实时计算功能提高测量精度的方法。本文还介绍了应用微机实现机床主轴转速无级调控的原理与方法,以及作者编制的切削试验过程管理软件的功能。实际应用结果表明,引入了微机进行的切削试验数据的采集与处理,可以有效地提高切削试验中各参数的测量精度,并使我们从冗繁的试验数据的读取、登录、统计以及文件编制工作中解脱出来,大大提高试验效率。     

Model for the VLF/LF radio signal anomalies formation associated with earthquakes

The influence of quasi-static electric field of seismic origin on the characteristics of the internal gravity waves (IGWs) in the Earth’s ionosphere is considered. The electric field in the ionosphere arises due to the injection of charged aerosols into the atmosphere, formation of an EMF in the near Earth atmosphere and perturbation of the conductive electric current in the global electric circuit. Amplification of the electric current in seismic zone is accompanied by the formation of perturbation of the lower ionosphere that affects the amplitude and phase of VLF/LF signals. The action of the electric field on the IGWs is connected with the appearance of the Ampere’s force in the ionosphere. In the spectral range of these waves the latter acts on the neutral component of the ionosphere plasma. As the result of this interaction the ionosphere starts to support the discrete spectrum of oscillations. Periods of their maximums increase as numbers of natural sequence. The existence of such peculiarities of the waves in the ionosphere is confirmed by observations.     

First results of MWC SAS3 electromagnetic wave experiment on board of the Chibis-M satellite

The main goals of the Chibis-M mission are the testing of a new micro-satellite technology, the study of new physical processes related to lightning activity and the verification of possible monitoring techniques of Space Weather phenomena. In frames of the Chibis-M mission an electromagnetic wave complex MWC is installed on board of the satellite composed of electromagnetic sensors and SAS3 measuring unit. The obtained data show that the scientific instrumentation operates properly and produces interesting information. Here we present the first results of the first year of operation of the MWC in the ELF–VLF bands in different operation modes. An important conclusion is that basing on the experience of the first year it is possible to realize an effective and reliable Space Weather monitoring system using micro-satellites and simultaneously operating ground support equipments.     

CRESDA APPLICATION SYSTEM OF CBERS-1, RESULTS AND TYPICAL EXAMPLES OF APPLICATIONS

CRESDA Application System of CBERS-1 was established in 1999. During the operation of the system for more than two years, about 240 000 scenes of CBERS-1 Level 0 data have been archived and more than 13 000 scenes of Level 2 products have been ordered by end users from different application fields.In this paper, the typical examples of applications in crop yield estimation,calamity alleviation, resources survey and protection, environment monitoring and continuable development, and urban planning are mainly described.     

PROGRESSES IN IONOSPHERIC RESEARCH, 2000-2002: A BRIEF REVIEW

This brief report reviews the recent developments in ionospheric physics studies made by Chinese scientists. It covers areas from the numerical simulations and theoretical researches on ionospheric properties, ionospheric disturbances, space weather events in the ionosphere to ionospheric obserwtions.