A new global F2 peak electron density model for the International Reference Ionosphere (IRI)

A new neural network (NN) based global empirical model for the F2 peak electron density (NmF2) has been developed using extended temporal and spatial geophysical relevant inputs. Measured ground based ionosonde data, from 84 global stations, spanning the period 1995 to 2005 and, for a few stations from 1976 to 1986, obtained from various resources of the World Data Centre (WDC) archives (Space Physics Interactive Data Resource SPIDR, the Digital Ionogram Database, DIDBase, and IPS Radio and Space Services) have been used for training a NN. The training data set includes all periods of quiet and disturbed magnetic activity. A comprehensive comparison for all conditions (e.g., magnetic storms, levels of solar activity, season, different regions of latitudes, etc.) between foF2 value predictions using the NN based model and International Reference Ionosphere (IRI) model (including both the International Union of Radio Science (URSI) and International Radio Consultative Committee (CCIR) coefficients) with observed values was investigated. The root-mean-square (RMS) error differences for a few selected stations are presented in this paper. The results of the foF2 NN model presented in this work successfully demonstrate that this new model can be used as a replacement option for the URSI and CCIR maps within the IRI model for the purpose of F2 peak electron density predictions.     

COST 296 action results for space weather ionospheric monitoring and modelling

COST 296 Action refers to the project on Mitigation of Ionospheric Effects on Radio Systems (MIERS) in the framework of European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST), which is one of the longest-running European instruments supporting cooperation among scientists and researchers across Europe. The main objective of the MIERS project has been to develop an increased knowledge of the effects imposed by the ionosphere on practical radio systems, and for the development and implementation of techniques to mitigate the harmful effects of the ionosphere on such systems. This paper highlights COST 296 Action results that have been achieved during its lifetime period of February 2005–February 2009 with emphasis on space weather ionospheric monitoring and modelling.     

Statistical ionospheric E layer properties measured with the Cyprus Digisonde and comparisons with IRI predictions

This paper reports the diurnal, seasonal, and long term variability of the E layer critical frequency (foE) and peak height (hmE) derived from Digisonde measurements from 2009 to 2016 at the low-middle latitude European station of Nicosia, Cyprus (geographical coordinates: 35°N, 33°E, geomagnetic lat. 29.38°N, I = 51.7°). Manually scaled monthly median values of foE and hmE are compared with IRI-2012 predictions with a view to assess the predictability of IRI. Results show that in general, IRI slightly overestimates foE values both at low and high solar activity. At low solar activity, overestimations are mostly limited to 0.25?MHz (equivalent electron density, 0.775?×?10³?el/m^?3) but can go as high as 0.5?MHz (equivalent electron density, 3.1?×?10³?el/m^?3, during noon) around equinox. In some months, underestimations, though sporadic in nature, up to 0.25?MHz are noted (mostly during sunrise and sunset). At high solar activity, a similar pattern of over-/underestimation is evident. During the entire period of study, over-/under estimations are mostly limited to 0.25?MHz. In very few cases, these exceed 0.25?MHz but are limited to 0.5?MHz. Analysis of hmE reveals that: (1) hmE remains almost constant during ±2 to ±4?h around local noon, (2) hmE values are higher in winter than in spring, summer and autumn, (3) there are two maxima near sunrise and sunset with a noontime minimum in between. During the entire period of study, significant differences between observed hmE and the IRI predictions have been noted. IRI fails to predict hmE and outputs a constant value of 110?km, which is higher than most of the observed values. Over- and under estimations range from 3 to 13?km and from 0 to 3?km respectively.     

工科普通物理中有关原子物理教学内容的探讨

本文探讨了工科普通物理中有关原子物理的教学内容。提出对教学内容要强调三个方面：（１）要强调基本概念与重点内容，（２）要讲清实验与新思想、新概念间的关联，（３）要介绍有关高新技术的新进展及应用前景。     

Review of control and guidance technology on hypersonic vehicle

Air-breathing hypersonic vehicle has great military and potential economic value due to its characteristics: high velocity, long range, quick response. Therefore, the development of hypersonic vehicle and its guidance and control technology are reviewed in this paper. Firstly, the development and classification of hypersonic vehicles around the world are summarized, and the geometric configuration and mission profile of typical air-breathing hypersonic vehicle are given.Secondly, the control dif...     

Climatology of global,hemispheric and regional electron content variations during the solar cycles 23 and 24

We present the results of study on the variations of ionospheric total electron content (TEC) by using global, hemispheric, and regional electron contents computed from the global ionospheric maps (GIMs) for the period from 1999 to 2020. For a low and moderate solar activity, the global and regional electron contents vary linearly with solar 10.7 cm radio flux and EUV flux. While a saturation effect in the electron content verses EUV and F10.7 is found during the high solar activity periods at all regions, the maximum effect is observed at low-latitudes followed by high and mid-latitudes region. The extent of saturation effect is more pronounced for F10.7 as compared to EUV. A wavelet transform is applied to global and hemispheric electron contents to examine the relative strength of different variations. The semi-annual variations dominate in the northern hemisphere, whereas annual variations dominate in the southern counterpart. The amplitude of annual variations in southern hemisphere is found to be higher than northern counterpart at all latitudes. This asymmetry in the amplitude of annual variation is maximum at low-latitudes, followed by mid and high-latitudes, respectively. The semi-annual variations are in-phase in both hemisphere and follow the solar cycle. The northern hemisphere depicts relatively large amplitude of semi-annual variations and exhibit the maximum effect at high-latitudes.     

空间太阳能发电和微波与电离层相互作用

本文第一部分研究了空间太阳能热发电，基于所提的评价动力系统的准则，比较了三种热力学系统，并给出了一些参数变化对闭式回热Ｂｒａｙｔｏｎ循环系统的影响，本文第二部分对微波速对电离层中电子的加速和受热进行了数值研究，得出了一些结果。     

航天数据固态记录器设计问题(上)

航天工程数据存储技术正在从传统的磁带记录向固态记录转变。星上固态记录器的设计面临着一些新课题。在我国，固态记录技术的发展还处在起步阶段。为了促进我国航天工程数据存储技术的发展，本文试图全方位地探讨航天工程数据固态记录器的设计问题。全文共分为三部分。第一部分论述航天工程数据存储技术的发展趋势，讨论固态记录器目前常用的和富有发展潜力的半导体存储器。第二部分讨论空间辐射环境、单粒子效应及其预测方法。第三部分介绍辐照加固、容错设计、封装工艺，以及典型固态记录器的特性     

MULTISENSOR TRACKING SYSTEM WITH ATTITUDE MEASUREMENTS

ＭＵＬＴＩＳＥＮＳＯＲＴＲＡＣＫＩＮＧＳＹＳＴＥＭＷＩＴＨＡＴＴＩＴＵＤＥＭＥＡＳＵＲＥＭＥＮＴＳＤｉｎｇＣｈｉｂｉａｏ，ＭａｏＳｈｉｙｉ（ＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｏｆＥｌｅｃｔｒｏｎｉｃＥｎｇｉｎｅｅｒｉｎｇ，ＢｅｉｊｉｎｇＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙｏｆＡｅ...     

GIS在户外游憩管理与规划中的应用进展

回顾G IS在户外游憩规划、游憩地理信息系统、游憩管理决策、游憩环境监测中的应用状况;指出G IS在户外游憩管理与规划中应用的局限性;提出提高终端用户的平台界面设计的友好程度,加强游憩管理与规划专业模块的开发与设计,以及提高游憩管理与规划机构利用G IS技术的意愿等措施是促进G IS在户外游憩管理与规划中应用的关键。