时频分析在超声导波信号分析中的应用

超声导波信号是一种非平稳信号,存在频散现象,利用传统的时域和频域分析方法不能揭示其频谱随时间变化的特点.为了解决这一问题,研究了导波信号的非平稳特征,介绍了短时傅里叶变换(STFT,Short-Time Fourier Transform)时频分析原理,分别对铝板试样和蜂窝板试样内传播的导波信号进行了STFT和时频谱分析,得出了铝板内导波信号中各频率成分随时间的变化情况,分析出导波信号的模式转换现象,比较精确地计算了导波的群速度;对于蜂窝板内的导波信号,由于能量泄露比较严重,当激励频率为1.5MHz时,A0模式只能近距离传播,这就使得采用STFT不能很好地进行模式识别.研究结果表明,当导波传播距离较远时,利用STFT可以对其信号进行动态的频谱分析和模式识别,并可对实际的群速度进行较精确的测量.     

损失锥电子速度分布激发的哨声波

利用一维粒子模拟方法研究了损失锥电子速度分布激发的哨声波非线性演化过程, 并与双麦克斯韦电子分布激发哨声波的情况进行了比较. 结果表明, 这两种情况下, 在线性增长阶段哨声波的主导频率 (能量最集中的一个频率) 是一样的, 波动的激发使得平行于背景磁场方向的电子温度有所提高. 比较而言,在损失锥分布情况下, 哨声波具有主导频率的波模可较早地被激发, 而在线性增长阶段, 哨声波的能量更倾向于集中在高频(短波长)波段. 部分粒子被散射到损失锥中, 而使损失锥分布得以补充. 本文还研究了不同各向异性分布和磁场强度条件下的激发过程.      

TDMA扩谱通信系统中精同步的实现与性能分析

扩谱通信中一个最基本的任务就是实现本机的伪随机信号与接收的伪随机信号的同步。本文讨论了一种新的精同步方法,这种方法不同于目前常用的延迟锁定环和τ-抖动环,它采用了声表面波(SAW)卷积器作为接收机的可编程匹配滤波器,利用相关峰位置偏移而得到了本机时钟脉冲的相位调整,从而解决了一类时分多址(TDMA)传输突发信息符号的扩谱通信系统的精同步问题。文中概述了两种精同步的方法,分析和计算了它们的同步性能,并给出了一种同步方法的实验结果和数据。     

转动干版的平面波多光束全息干涉计量的研究

本文提出了一种转动干版的多光束全息干涉计量术，用于测量试件的三维振幅场，该全息干涉计量术采用的光路系统具有空间分布的三束平面波物光和一束平面波参考光，它借助于一个可使干版作任意角度转动的特殊装置，在一张干版上记录振动体同一谐振频率的三个独立的时间平均全息图，再现时，该干版用原参考光照射，并分别转到记录时的三个原始位置，则可得到三个时间平均干涉图，利用有关的物理模型，便可导出求解被测物体上任一点的振     

超声速反向混合实验及其压力温度测量

对超声速反向射流混合加热方案进行实验验证。实验结果表明:控制向燃烧室注入水雾的流量可以方便地调节燃烧室的温度和压力;用双路氢氧进气系统易于实现稳定的点火和燃烧。用热电偶测量混合前后的流场温度分布的初步结果表明,反向射流混合方案基本可行。     

非对称来流下隔离段内激波串受迫振荡流动实验研究

为探讨超燃冲压发动机隔离段内激波串受迫振荡区域壁面压力脉动特性,用非对称马赫数1.98的隔离段直连实验研究了低频周期性的脉动反压对隔离段内流动的影响.实验结果表明:隔离段能有效地隔离周期性反压脉动对上游未扰动流场的影响;反压脉动以第二特征波速向上游传播并影响了上游的壁面压力脉动,但在激波振荡区域,压力脉动主要受激波振荡的影响;厚附面层一侧的下壁面激波振荡区域内压力脉动前传时以指数规律衰减;薄附面层的上壁面激波振荡区域内压力脉动前传时却是波动的.     

Ionospheric wave signature of the American solar eclipse on 21 August 2017 in Europe

A total solar eclipse occurred on 21 August 2017, with the path of totality starting over the North Pacific Ocean, crossing North-America and ending over the Mid-Atlantic Ocean slightly North of the equator. As a result, a partial solar eclipse was observed as far away as the Western Europe. The ionospheric observatory in Dourbes, Belgium, was right on the edge of the partial eclipse and was exposed for a very short period of only few minutes just before the local sunset. High-resolution ionospheric measurements were carried out at the observatory with collocated digital ionosonde and GNSS receivers. The data analysis revealed a clear wave-like pattern in the ionosphere that can be seen arriving before the local onset of the eclipse. The paper details the analysis and provides a possible explanation of the observed phenomenon.     

Ionospheric responses to the 21 August 2017 great American solar eclipse – A multi-instrument study

Herein, we report on the ionospheric responses to a total solar eclipse that occurred on 21 August 2017 over the US region. Ground-based GPS total electron content (TEC) data along with ground-based measurements (Millstone Hill Observatory (MHO) and digital ionosondes) and space-based measurements (COSMIC radio occultation (RO) technique) allowed us to identify eclipse-associated ionospheric responses. TEC data at ~20°, ~30°, and ~40°N latitudes from the west to east longitudes show not only considerable depression but also wave-like characteristics in TEC both in the path of totality and away from it, exclusively on the day of eclipse. Interestingly, the observed depressions are associated with lesser (higher) magnitudes at stations over which the solar obscuration percentage was meager (significant), a clear indication of bow-wave-like features. The MHO observes a 30% reduction in F₂-layer electron densities between 180 and 220 km on eclipse day. Ionosonde-scaled parameters over Boulder (40.4°N, 100°E) and Austin (30.4°N, 94.4°E) show a significant decrease in critical frequencies while an altitude elevation is seen in the virtual heights of the F-layer only during the eclipse day and that decreases are associated with wave-like signatures, which could be attributed to eclipse-generated waves. The estimated vertical electron density profile from the COSMIC RO-based technique shows a maximum depletion of 40%. Relatively intense and moderate depths of TEC depression, considerable reductions in the F₂-layer electron densities measured by the MHO and COSMIC RO-measured densities at the F₂-layer peak, and elevations in virtual heights and reduction in the critical frequencies measured by ionosondes during the eclipse day could be due to the eclipse-induced dynamical effects such as gravity waves (GWs) and their associated electro-dynamical effects (modification of ionospheric electric fields due to GWs).     

Model for the VLF/LF radio signal anomalies formation associated with earthquakes

The influence of quasi-static electric field of seismic origin on the characteristics of the internal gravity waves (IGWs) in the Earth’s ionosphere is considered. The electric field in the ionosphere arises due to the injection of charged aerosols into the atmosphere, formation of an EMF in the near Earth atmosphere and perturbation of the conductive electric current in the global electric circuit. Amplification of the electric current in seismic zone is accompanied by the formation of perturbation of the lower ionosphere that affects the amplitude and phase of VLF/LF signals. The action of the electric field on the IGWs is connected with the appearance of the Ampere’s force in the ionosphere. In the spectral range of these waves the latter acts on the neutral component of the ionosphere plasma. As the result of this interaction the ionosphere starts to support the discrete spectrum of oscillations. Periods of their maximums increase as numbers of natural sequence. The existence of such peculiarities of the waves in the ionosphere is confirmed by observations.