Relative ion Fe,C and O abundances in quiet time particle fluxes in the 23 SC

Using ACE and SOHO data the origin of quiet-time low-energy particle fluxes at 1 AU is studied in the 23rd solar cycle. One of the selection criteria of quiet-time periods is to demand that H/He < 10 provided that periods with noticeable contribution of remnants of gradual events have been excluded from consideration. Our results suggest different origin of 0.03–3 MeV/nucleon particles – different seed populations accelerated and different acceleration processes. During the ascending, maximum and descending phases of solar activity quiet-time ions consist of coronal particles accelerated to suprathermal energies in about a half of the quiet periods, the rest of quiet-time fluxes originates from particle acceleration in processes similar to those in small impulsive solar flares rich in Fe. At solar minimum the bulk solar wind particles serve as seed population.     

Modeling PSBL high speed ion beams observed by Cluster and Double Star

On October 8, 2004, the Cluster and Double Star spacecraft crossed the near-Earth (12–19 R_E) magnetotail neutral sheet during the recovery phase of a small, isolated substorm. Although they were separated in distance by ∼7 R_E and in time by ∼30 min, both Cluster and Double Star observed steady, but highly structured Earthward moving >1000 km/s high speed H⁺ beams in the PSBL. This paper utilizes a global magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulation driven by Wind spacecraft solar wind input to model the large-scale structure of the PSBL and large-scale kinetic (LSK) particle tracing calculations to investigate the similarities and differences in the properties of the observed beams. This study finds that the large-scale shape of the PSBL is determined by the MHD configuration. On smaller scales, the LSK calculations, in good qualitative agreement with both Cluster and Double Star observations, demonstrated that the PSBL is highly structured in both time and space, on time intervals of less than 2 min, and spatial distances of the order of 0.2–0.5 R_E. This picture of the PSBL is different from the ordered and structured region previously reported in observations.     

多舱段载人航天器氧分压控制仿真分析

为确保乘员安全性,载人航天器需通过氧分压控制系统将密封舱内的氧分压控制在指标范围内.提出了一种两舱段载人航天器密封舱氧分压控制系统数学模型,包括密封舱体、乘员、供氧组件、舱间通风(IMV)等多个子模块.通过与相关试验数据进行对比,证明了数学模型的准确性.针对由两个容积为60 m3密封舱组成的组合体,利用该模型分析了乘员驻留位置、舱间通风量、氧分压监测模式对两舱氧分压的影响.结果表明:当舱间通风量为0.5 m3/min 且6人驻留在氧分压非主控舱时,两舱氧分压上限差别达到2.2 kPa.两舱氧分压差别会随着舱间通风量的增加而减小.单舱监测模式和两舱监测模式对两舱氧分压影响并不显著,当舱间通风量超过1.5 m3/min时,两种控制模式的氧分压控制效果趋于一致.      

烃类推进剂航天动力技术进展与展望未来

为研究烃类推进剂航天动力技术在中国的后续发展和未来应用方向,对比分析煤油、甲烷和丙烷等典型烃类推进剂的物理化学性质和应用特性,简要介绍烃类推进剂航天动力在一次性运载火箭、可重复使用运载器、高性能上面级推进、无毒空间推进和吸气式推进领域的发展动态及应用状况。当前国内外航天动力系统的发展和应用情况表明,以液氧煤油发动机和液氧甲烷发动机为代表的烃类推进剂航天动力将引领未来高性能低成本航天推进系统的发展趋势,依照中国液氧/烃火箭发动机的研制进展和技术水平,以其为核心的新型动力体系在中国未来的天地往返、载人登月和深空探测等多任务适应性方面具有良好应用前景。     

Response of dissolved oxygen and related marine ecological parameters to a tropical cyclone in the South China Sea

It is well known that tropical cyclones can cause upwelling, decrease of sea surface temperature, increase of chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) concentration and enhancement of primary production. But little is known about the response of dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration to a typhoon in the open ocean. This paper investigates the impact of a typhoon on DO concentration and related ecological parameters using in situ and remote sensing data. The in situ data were collected 1 week after the passage of the super-typhoon Nanmadol in the northern South China Sea in 2011. An increase in DO concentration, accompanied by a decrease in water temperature and an increase in salinity and Chl-a concentration, was measured at sampling stations close to the typhoon track. At these stations, maximum DO concentration was found at a depth of around 5 m and maximum Chl-a concentration at depths between 50 and 75 m. The layer of high DO concentration extends from the surface to a depth of 35 m and the concentrations stay almost constant down to this depth. Due to the passage of the typhoon, also a large sea level anomaly (21.6 cm) and a high value of Ekman pumping velocity (4.0 × 10⁻⁴ m s⁻¹) are observed, indicating upwelling phenomenon. At the same time, also intrusion of Kuroshio waters in the form of a loop current into the South China Sea (SCS) was observed. We attribute the increase of DO concentration after the passage of the typhoon to three effects: (1) entrainment of oxygen from the air into the upper water layer and strong vertical mixing of the water body due to the typhoon winds, (2) upwelling of cold nutrient-rich water which stimulates photosynthesis of phytoplankton and thus the generation of oxygen, which also increases the DO concentration due to cold water since the solubility of oxygen increase with decreasing water temperature, and, possibly, (3) transport of DO enriched waters from the Western Pacific to the SCS via the intrusion of Kuroshio waters.     

超低温对T700碳纤维/环氧复合材料弯曲性能的影响

研究正交铺层的碳纤维增强环氧树脂基复合材料（CFRP）在超低温的环境下的弯曲性能和损伤破坏形式。对复合材料试样进行不同时间的液氧浸泡处理和不同次数的常温/液氧温度热循环处理来模拟液氧燃料贮箱使用工况,通过配有超低温试验装置的力学试验机研究CFRP在不同超低温条件处理前后的低温弯曲强度和弯曲模量的变化规律;采用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）对破坏前后试样的微观形貌进行分析。结果表明,经过液氧浸泡及常温/液氧温度热循环处理的CFRP的超低温弯曲强度和模量变化趋势基本一致,均随时间和循环次数的增加先下降后上升,这种变化规律与其超低温环境下材料的微观结构变化密切相关。结合CFRP破坏前后的宏观和微观结构特性以及微裂纹的扩展规律,揭示了正交铺层CFRP超低温弯曲性能变化的 机理。     

基于死区补偿的氧调器平稳切换自抗扰控制

歼击机中供氧系统内的氧气气压调节系统（氧调器系统）对飞行员的飞行质量至关重要。但是氧调器系统易受飞行环境和飞行员呼吸状态等因素的影响,而且氧调器所用阀门大多含有死区,会给控制系统带来稳态误差,导致控制难度增大,一般的控制策略难以兼顾补偿较大死区和抗扰两个条件。针对此问题,建立了基于音圈电机驱动阀的氧调器系统模型,并针对模型死区特性采用了死区补偿和双限幅模块,设计了基于死区补偿的平稳切换自抗扰控制策略。仿真及对比结果表明：采用同一套控制参数,可以使氧气面罩内压强在各个呼吸频率时有效,并快速地控制在呼吸阻力容许界限以内;并且其呼吸阻力低于将死区看作扰动的一般自抗扰控制（ADRC）。同时,验证了此策略的鲁棒性和抗扰性。     

基于离子电流的爆震波压力非线性模型

为了实现爆震波压力的软测量,依据碳氢焰离子形成原理及爆震波高速传播的特点,在分析爆震波离子形成机理的基础上,根据爆震波离子电流与压力信号的相似性,提出基于离子电流的爆震波压力非线性模型建模思路。采用RBF网络建立爆震波非线性模型,并给出网络结构、样本选取原则和预处理方法。开展了单次脉冲爆震试验,利用试验数据建立该压力非线性模型,并通过试验数据和模型输出的对比校核模型的有效性和准确性。     

三床机载制氧系统性能仿真及影响因素分析

建立了三床机载分子筛制氧系统的数学模型,对系统性能进行仿真.仿真结果与实验值进行了对比,两者吻合较好,验证了模型和求解的正确性.在此基础上,对不同飞行高度和工作条件下系统的性能进行仿真预测,研究了产品气流量、吸附压力、冲洗定径孔大小和循环时间对系统工作性能的影响,为三床机载分子筛制氧系统的设计和优化提供了依据.      

热循环对原子氧与树脂基复合材料 交互作用的影响

文章选取M40/DFA-1和M40/AG-80两种碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料,进行了热循环对原子氧与这两种材料交互作用影响的研究。原子氧反应率的计算和层间剪切性能测试的结果表明,一定温度区间一定次数的热循环使得材料与原子氧交互作用减弱。该研究应用X射线光电子能谱仪（XPS）和扫描电子显微镜（SEM）对样品表面成分和形貌进行了分析。根据分析结果,初步提出热循环对增强树脂基复合材料自身抗原子氧侵蚀能力的作用机理。