太阳风中磁场重联离子扩散区的大尺度特征

利用ACE和WIND卫星2007年1月6日的联合探测, 在1AU附近发现了一个等离子体密度极低的Petschek-like重联喷流区. 该喷流区内部出现了非常明显的Hall双极磁场、等离子体密度下降区以及与Hall电流相符的低能段电子投掷角分布. 这些特征与重联离子扩散区的Hall效应非常吻合, 说明很可能在太阳风中观测到了一个离子扩散区. 分析表明, 与之相关的磁场重联为准稳态快速完全反向重联, 其扩散区以一对慢模波为边界, 空间尺度达到80个离子惯性长度, 表现出了大尺度重联的特征.      

超音速火焰喷涂替代镀铬技术修复导轨研究和应用

与等离子喷涂层和电镀硬铬层相比,超音速火焰喷涂(HVOF)层具有结合强度高、致密、耐磨损性能优越等特点。针对某型飞机燃油接收探管外筒导轨铬层损伤剥落这一多发性故障,采用超音速火焰喷涂替代镀铬修复,对该导轨损伤进行可行性研究和验证、模拟试验、样件验证、装机监控使用,显现出超音速火焰喷涂层优越的性能。     

Hybrid simulations of the O ion escape from Venus: Influence of the solar wind density and the IMF x component

As an initial effort to study the evolution of the Venus atmosphere, the influence of the solar wind density and the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) x component (the x-axis points from Venus towards the Sun) on the O⁺ ion escape rate from Venus is investigated using a three-dimensional quasi-neutral hybrid (HYB-Venus) model. The HYB-Venus model is first applied to a case of the high-density (100 cm⁻³) solar wind interaction with Venus selected from the Pioneer Venus Orbiter observations to demonstrate its capability for the study. Two sets of simulations with a wide range of solar wind densities and different IMF x components are then performed. It is found that the O⁺ ion escape rate increases with increasing solar wind density. The O⁺ ion escape rate saturates when the solar wind density becomes high (above 100 cm⁻³). The results also suggest that the IMF x component enhances the O⁺ ion escape rate, given a fixed IMF component perpendicular to the x-axis. Finally, the results imply a higher ion loss rate for early-Venus, when solar conditions were dramatically different.     

Dawn′s exploration of Vesta

On 16 July 2011, after completing nearly four years of interplanetary flight, Dawn entered orbit around (4) Vesta, the second most massive body in the main asteroid belt. Dawn used solar electric propulsion to spiral to six different orbits to accomplish its science campaign. Although the transfers to progressively lower orbits presented significant challenges, all were executed smoothly. During its nearly 14 months in orbit, Dawn spiraled down to 210 km above the surface and back up before initiating the gradual departure to travel to dwarf planet (1) Ceres for a 2015 rendezvous. Dawn′s exploration of Vesta has shown it to be geologically complex and fascinating, resembling terrestrial planets more than typical asteroids. Among the principal features is a 500-km-diameter impact basin within which is the second tallest mountain known in the solar system. This paper presents Dawn′s operations at Vesta and summarizes the principal findings.     

飞机燃油箱气相空间平衡氧浓度理论研究

油箱上部空间平衡氧浓度的确定是设计机载油箱惰性化系统的基础。采用微元段计算方法,在考虑载油量、压力随飞行高度变化、燃油温度和燃油蒸汽压的情况下,建立了油箱上部气相空间平衡氧浓度的数学模型。首先将模型计算结果与文献公布的数据进行了比较,验证了模型的正确性。然后分析了不同因素对平衡氧浓度的影响。研究结果表明:不同燃油的氧氮溶解特性会对平衡氧浓度造成直接影响;平衡氧浓度与载油量有关,且不呈线性关系;燃油温度增加后,平衡氧浓度下降;此外,随着飞行高度增加,由于气相空间总压和氧氮分压下降,燃油的蒸汽压对平衡氧浓度的影响也越大。研究结果将为惰性化气体流量的估算和设计提供一定的理论基础。     

Analysis and control optimization of positive pressure fluctuation in electromechanical oxygen regulator

The Electromechanical Oxygen Regulator (EMOR) is a new type of aviator oxygen equipment. Positive pressure refers to the pressure difference between the breath pressure and the ambient pressure during pressurized oxygen supply. The phenomenon of positive pressure fluctuation was believed to reduce the system performance. The current open-loop control method cannot solve this problem. In this paper, the mathematical model was established and main factors were analyzed. By combining experimental research and simulation calculation, it was determined that pressure fluctuation was caused by inlet pressure and diaphragm deformation together. With the increase of pulmonary ventilation volume, the influence of inlet pressure on fluctuation decreases gradually, while the proportion of diaphragm deformation increases rapidly. A closed-loop control strategy of Proportional Resonant with Feedforward Compensation (PRFC) was proposed to solve the problem and control parameters were obtained through co-simulation. The effectiveness of the control strategy was verified by experiments. The results show that the control strategy can enhance the anti-disturbance ability of the system and significantly reduce the pressure fluctuation range, which is beneficial to improving the overall system performance.     

供氧模式对载人航天器气压控制的影响分析

载人航天器气压控制系统主要负责控制密封舱内氧分压和总压满足指标要求,承担长期载人任务的载人航天器通常配备电解制氧系统用于维持密封舱内氧分压水平。文章建立了一种载人航天器密封舱气压控制系统仿真分析模型,利用该模型分析对比了氧气瓶供氧和电解制氧供氧2种模式对应的密封舱氧分压和总压变化规律。结果表明,驻留24 h内,氧气瓶供氧模式对应的氧分压单调下降;电解制氧供氧模式对应的氧分压并非单调下降,而是取决于供氧速率与乘员代谢耗氧间的关系,且氧分压变化范围要远小于氧气瓶供氧模式。驻留60 d内,电解制氧供氧模式对应的氧分压在上下限间的变化周期以及总压的变化周期要明显长于氧气瓶供氧模式。为避免空气温度的影响,氧分压和总压的控制范围应比允许范围窄。     

氢氧发动机模型真空羽流场试验和仿真研究

研制了一个用于模拟中国长征火箭二级的60 N推力氢氧发动机的缩比模型,并在北京航空航天大学真空羽流效应实验系统进行了试验。使用皮托管阵列测量了羽流压力场,结果显示当距发动机喷管出口的距离从140 mm增加到600 mm时,羽流场的最大压力从12 400 Pa降到了400 Pa。为验证CFD-DSMC混合的数值仿真方法,将试验结果与仿真结果进行了对比分析,二者一致性非常好。对比结果显示数值仿真方法在羽流效应分析方面的强大功能。研究获得了模型发动机羽流场的压力分布特性,可用于原型发动机的羽流效应分析。     

原子氧环境对石英晶体微量天平性能影响的分析

随着高可靠、长寿命航天器的发展,对在轨污染检测的要求也越来越高。石英晶体微量天平是分子污染检测的重要工具,为了分析了解原子氧对石英晶体微量天平的影响,文章用理论分析和试验的方法对石英晶片在1×1020 atom/cm2注量的原子氧辐照条件下的性能变化进行了研究。试验证明,石英晶体微量天平在总注量1020 atom/cm2量级的原子氧辐照后,其振荡频率和等效阻容感发生了一定变化,但仍具备污染传感能力和频率输出能力,其功能不受影响。