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51.
William V. Boynton Ann L. Sprague Sean C. Solomon Richard D. Starr Larry G. Evans William C. Feldman Jacob I. Trombka Edgar A. Rhodes 《Space Science Reviews》2007,131(1-4):85-104
The instrument suite on the MErcury Surface, Space ENvironment, GEochemistry, and Ranging (MESSENGER) spacecraft is well suited
to address several of Mercury’s outstanding geochemical problems. A combination of data from the Gamma-Ray and Neutron Spectrometer
(GRNS) and X-Ray Spectrometer (XRS) instruments will yield the surface abundances of both volatile (K) and refractory (Al,
Ca, and Th) elements, which will test the three competing hypotheses for the origin of Mercury’s high bulk metal fraction:
aerodynamic drag in the early solar nebula, preferential vaporization of silicates, or giant impact. These same elements,
with the addition of Mg, Si, and Fe, will put significant constraints on geochemical processes that have formed the crust
and produced any later volcanism. The Neutron Spectrometer sensor on the GRNS instrument will yield estimates of the amount
of H in surface materials and may ascertain if the permanently shadowed polar craters have a significant excess of H due to
water ice. A comparison of the FeO content of olivine and pyroxene determined by the Mercury Atmospheric and Surface Composition
Spectrometer (MASCS) instrument with the total Fe determined through both GRNS and XRS will permit an estimate of the amount
of Fe present in other forms, including metal and sulfides. 相似文献
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53.
介绍了用离子束辅助蒸发工艺在高折射率锗(Ge)基片上镇制的高性能硫化锌(ZnS)红外增透膜(也称红外减反射膜)及其工艺的研制,通过与常规热蒸发工艺镀制的硫化锌增透膜的性能相比较,证实了离子束辅助蒸发技术对提高硫化锌红外增透膜的光学特性、膜层品质及改变薄膜的结构和应力状态有良好的效果。试验表明用该技术镀制高性能硫化锌红外增透膜能满足长寿命、高可靠卫星红外地球敏感器的使用要求。 相似文献
54.
《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2023,71(1):244-254
Based on the considerations of the acknowledgements of the numerous space observations by satellites in the auroral plasma, astrophysics plasmas, spacecraft observations, various plasma models have been framed and revealed different interesting features, like electrostatic structures, solitary waves, double layers, supersolitons, etc. Soliton theory is a very efficient and competent way to describe nonlinear features. Using Viking satellite data in the auroral plasma, we have derived lump soliton solutions of the Kadomstev-Petviashvili (KP) equation by employing Hirota bilinear method. Due to its wide range of applications, the study of lump soliton is very attractive and important too. It has been shown that the lump solitons structures as well as in the one-dimensional form of lump soliton are varied with associated parameters in the auroral magnetized plasma. During the analysis of the features of the lump solitons, it is found that the system parameters play a pivotal role on the lump solitons structures. 相似文献
55.
I.F. Shaikhislamov V.M. AntonovYu.P. Zakharov E.L. BoyarintsevA.V. Melekhov V.G. PosukhA.G. Ponomarenko 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2013
Magnetosphere with a size comparable to the ion kinetic scales is investigated by means of laboratory experiment, analytical analysis and Hall MHD simulation. In experiment a specific magnetic field was observed which is non-coplanar to dipole field, does not change sign at dipole moment inversion and could be generated only via the quadratic Hall term. Magnetopause position and plasma stand off distance were found to be profoundly different between the experimental regimes with small and large ion inertia length. In the previous studies of a mini-magnetosphere by kinetic codes such novel features were observed as absence of the bow shock and plasma stopping at the Stoermer particle limit instead of the pressure balance distance. Proposed analytical model explains these features by Hall currents which tend to cancel magnetic field convection by ions. Performed numerical simulation shows a good agreement with experiment and analytical model. It gives detailed spatial structure of the Hall field and reveals that while ions penetrate deep inside mini-magnetosphere electrons overflow around it along magnetopause boundary. 相似文献
56.
Hai-Feng Liu Shi-Qing Wang Zhi-long Wang Fa-Zhan Yang Yao-Liu Sili-Li 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2013
The properties of cylindrical and spherical dust–ion acoustic solitary waves (DIASW) in an unmagnetized dusty plasma comprising of relativistic ions, Boltzmann electrons, and stationary dusty particles are investigated. Under a suitable coordinate transformation, the cylindrical KdV equation can be solved analytically. The change of the DIASW structure due to the effect of geometry, relativistic streaming factor, ion density and electron temperature is studied by numerical calculation of the cylindrical/spherical Kdv equation. It is noted that with ion pressure the effect of relativistic streaming factor to solitary waves structure is different. Without ion pressure, as the relativistic streaming factor decreases, the amplitude of the solitary wave decreases. However, when the ion pressure is taken into account, the amplitude decreases as the relativistic streaming factor increases and is highly sensitive to relativistic streaming factor. Our results may have relevance in the understanding of astrophysical plasmas. 相似文献
57.
利用ACE和WIND卫星2007年1月6日的联合探测, 在1AU附近发现了一个等离子体密度极低的Petschek-like重联喷流区. 该喷流区内部出现了非常明显的Hall双极磁场、等离子体密度下降区以及与Hall电流相符的低能段电子投掷角分布. 这些特征与重联离子扩散区的Hall效应非常吻合, 说明很可能在太阳风中观测到了一个离子扩散区. 分析表明, 与之相关的磁场重联为准稳态快速完全反向重联, 其扩散区以一对慢模波为边界, 空间尺度达到80个离子惯性长度, 表现出了大尺度重联的特征. 相似文献
58.
K. Liu E. Kallio R. Jarvinen H. Lammer H.I.M. Lichtenegger Yu.N. Kulikov N. Terada T.L. Zhang P. Janhunen 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2009
As an initial effort to study the evolution of the Venus atmosphere, the influence of the solar wind density and the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) x component (the x-axis points from Venus towards the Sun) on the O+ ion escape rate from Venus is investigated using a three-dimensional quasi-neutral hybrid (HYB-Venus) model. The HYB-Venus model is first applied to a case of the high-density (100 cm−3) solar wind interaction with Venus selected from the Pioneer Venus Orbiter observations to demonstrate its capability for the study. Two sets of simulations with a wide range of solar wind densities and different IMF x components are then performed. It is found that the O+ ion escape rate increases with increasing solar wind density. The O+ ion escape rate saturates when the solar wind density becomes high (above 100 cm−3). The results also suggest that the IMF x component enhances the O+ ion escape rate, given a fixed IMF component perpendicular to the x-axis. Finally, the results imply a higher ion loss rate for early-Venus, when solar conditions were dramatically different. 相似文献
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