受限空间内激波与火焰作用的三维计算

激波与火焰的相互作用常发生在超声速燃烧和燃烧转爆轰过程中,为深入了解这一现象,采用带化学反应的三维Navier-Stokes方程,对平面入射激波及其反射激波与火焰的作用进行了计算研究,其中燃烧过程使用单步反应模型描述。研究结果显示:在受限空间内模拟激波与火焰作用,能更好地符合实验结果,从而体现出受限空间的三维效应;火焰在入射激波的作用下主要经Richtmyer-Meshkov不稳定而发生变形,此时火焰变形以物理作用为主,燃烧膨胀效果相对不明显;当反射激波与变形火焰再次作用后,火焰迅速膨胀变形,放热率维持在较高水平,此时化学反应过程起主要作用;在反射激波的作用下,变形火焰复杂三维涡结构的形成能强化热量与质量的输送,提高燃烧速率。     

多模式离子推力器流率特性实验研究

为了实现多模式离子推力器在宽功率范围内最优性能和可靠性,基于30cm多模式离子推力器通过实验开展了阴极和中和器羽状模式转变点流率、放电电压30V对应阴极流率和放电损耗曲线与束电流关系研究。30cm多模式离子推力器束电流从0.3A增加到3.3A时,阴极羽状模式转变点流率值从0.017mg/s增加到0.163mg/s,放电电压30V对应阴极流率从0.129mg/s增加到0.231mg/s,中和器羽状模式转变点流率从0.030mg/s增加到0.191mg/s。随放电室工质利用率的增加,在小束电流下放电损耗迅速增加;当束电流大于1.5A时,放电损耗对放电室工质利用率的变化较为迟钝。基于上述流率特性实验结果完成了30cm多模式离子推力器宽功率范围35个工作点下最佳流率设计。在设计的工作流率下,放电电压小于30V,阴极和中和器均工作在点状模式,实测推力为9.6mN~185.2mN、比冲为1332s~3568s、功率为258W~4761W。     

离子非线性极化漂移对动力学Alfvén孤波特性的影响

考虑离子极化漂移中非线性项对动力学Alfven孤波特性的影响，采用双流体模型研究磁化等离子体中低频动力学Alfven稀疏型孤波的特性，所得的结果表明，两种类型的动力学Alfven稀疏型孤波在磁层中大范围内均存在（参数β约为10^-6,0,1,β为等离子体的热压之磁压之比，即β＝20μ0nT/B0^2)，它们或以超Alfven速或以亚Alfven速传播。同时发现在β值较小（10^-6-10^-4)时，离子极化漂移非线性项对动力学Alfven孤波特性有较大的影响，不可忽略，而在较大值时（β－0．1），此修正作用不大，由于动力学Alfven孤波允许平行电场存在，故它对等离子体中带电粒子的加速和能化起重要作用。同时也对离子的横向加速有一定的作用，它使一种新的能量转换机制成为可能。     

Re对Ni3Al屈服强度及断裂强度影响的第一原理研究

为了满足航空发动机热端部件材料力学性能的不断提高,应用基于密度泛函理论的第一原理方法,研究了Re对Ni_3Al金属间化合物力学强度的影响。通过建立掺杂Re前后Ni_3Al的滑移模型和断裂模型,计算了晶胞的不稳定堆垛层错能γ_(US)和断裂能γ_C,进而判断Re对Ni_3Al屈服强度和断裂强度的影响。另外根据经验判据,γ_C/γ_(US)值可表征材料的韧脆性。计算结果表明,Re的掺杂增大了Ni_3Al [11■](111)和[1■0](111)两个滑移系下的γ_(US),使得滑移系不易开动,不易使Ni_3Al发生塑性变形,增大了Ni_3Al的屈服强度。Re增大了Ni_3Al在密排面处的断裂能,使得其不易在密排面发生断裂,增大了断裂强度。关于改善Ni_3Al的韧性,Re的掺杂对于密排面上不同滑移方向的影响具有一定的差别。此研究工作可为改善航空发动机单晶叶片的力学性能提供理论基础。     

LIPS-200离子推力器放电室原初电子动力学行为的数值模拟研究

为了得到试验测量不到的气体放电过程中电磁场作用下单个原初电子的动力学行为,建立了LIPS-200离子推力器放电室二维仿真模型,应用网格粒子法(PIC)和蒙特卡洛碰撞(MCC)模拟法对其进行了研究。模拟得到在额定工况下原初电子和中性原子之间的碰撞概率、原初电子损耗率、电磁场分布对其运动速度及运动轨迹的影响等。结果表明磁铁表面磁感强度最大,越靠近放电室内部磁感强度越小,对称轴区域无磁场分布,原初电子在电磁场作用下沿磁力线作加速螺旋运动;运动等离子体的自洽电势大小范围仅为0~2.0V,几乎不会影响等离子体运动;对应总原初电子个数为1.2×106时直接被阳极表面吸收的损耗率仅为0.02%。     

3,3'-二硝胺基-4,4'-偶氮呋咱二肼盐的合成、表征及性能研究

以二氨基呋咱(DAF)为原料,经氧化、硝化、中和反应合成出3,3'-二硝胺基-4,4'-偶氮呋咱二肼盐(Hy2DNAAF),对其结构进行了表征,并对其热性能、机械感度性能、爆轰性能、单元推进剂和Hy2DNAAF-CMDB推进剂的性能进行了研究。结果表明,Hy2DNAAF的热分解峰温为208℃,特性落高为25.7cm。Hy2DNAAF的理论爆速为8635m/s,理论爆压为32.61GPa,Hy2DNAAF单元推进剂的理论比冲为2717N·s/kg,特征速度为1734.3m/s。Hy2DNAAFCMDB推进剂的理论比冲为2 522.9N·s/kg,特征速度为1591.1m/s。     

反台晶体及其应用

介绍了应用离子束刻蚀技术制作高基频反台晶体谐振器及反台晶体谐振器的应用。     

An ion analyzer for the lunar surface with E-parallel–B

We present a novel instrument concept to measure the energy and mass spectra of ions incident on the lunar surface, based on the E-parallel–B or Thomson-parabola device used extensively as a diagnostic in the plasma fusion community. The Apollo-era Suprathermal Ion Detector Experiment (SIDE) was the first instrument package to perform in-situ measurements of ions incident on the lunar surface. The ions can originate from a variety of sources, including the solar wind, the Earth’s magnetotail, and photoionization of the thin lunar atmosphere. The species and energy distribution of ions arriving at the lunar surface depend in a complicated and poorly-understood fashion on the phase of the lunar day, the position of the Moon with respect to the Earth, and on the local plasma environment.     

Ion engine grids: Function,main parameters,issues, configurations,geometries, materials and fabrication methods

Ion optics are crucial components of ion thrusters and the study of the different ion extraction solutions used since the beginning of the electric propulsion era is essential to understand the evolution of ion engines. This work describes ion engine grids' main functions, parameters and issues related to thermal expansion and sputter erosion, and then introduces a review of ion optics used for significant launched and tested ion thrusters since 1970. Configurations, geometries, materials and fabrication methods are analyzed to understand when typical ion thrusters use two or three grids, what are the thicknesses and aperture sizes of the screen, accelerator and decelerator grids, why molybdenum and carbon-based materials such as pyrolytic graphite and carbon–carbon are the best available options for ion optics and what is the manufacturing method for each material.     

Structure and kinetic properties of slow-mode shocks associated with magnetic reconnection in the near-Earth magnetotail

We study the structure and kinetic properties of slow-mode shocks near the plasma sheet boundary layer (PSBL) associated with magnetic reconnection by Cluster observation. The presence of slow-mode shocks is confirmed by traditional Rankine–Hugoniot (RH) analysis and Monte-Carlo shock fitting method. The Walén analysis, applied to the tailward flow associated with slow-mode shocks, also supports that plasma was accelerated across a Petschek-type slow-mode shock connected to the diffusion region. Back-streaming ions were observed on the shock layer, and cold ions were accelerated and heated by slow-mode shocks. In addition, whistler and electrostatic solitary waves were observed around the slow-mode shocks. These waves might be excited by the observed field-aligned electron beams near the shocks.