Effect of ion dynamics on the evolution of electron phase-space holes

The evolution of two-dimensional (2D) electron phase-space holes (electron holes) has been previously investigated with electrostatic Particle-in-Cell (PIC) simulations, which neglect ion dynamics. The electron holes are found to be unstable to the transverse instability, and their evolution is determined by the combined action between the transverse instability and the stabilization by the background magnetic field. In this paper, the effect of ion dynamics on the evolution of an electron hole is studied. In weakly magnetized plasma (Ω_e < ω_pe, where Ω_e and ω_pe are electron gyrofrequency and plasma frequency, respectively), the electron hole is still unstable to the transverse instability. However, it evolves a little faster and is destroyed in a shorter time when ion dynamics is considered. In strongly magnetized plasma (Ω_e > ω_pe), the electron hole is broken due to the lower hybrid waves, and its evolution is much faster.     

Use of coated silicon field emitters as neutralisers for fundamental physics space missions

Spacecraft neutralisers are required as part of the ion propulsion system for accurate station keeping in fundamental physics missions. This paper describes the use of thin layers of insulating materials as coatings for the gated silicon field emitter array structure used in a spacecraft neutraliser. These thin coatings are postulated to reduce power consumption and reduce overheating. The power consumption and lifetime of aluminium nitride and amorphous hydrogenated diamond-like carbon coatings have been tested by current–voltage and endurance tests. Diamond-like carbon coatings were promising, performing better in endurance tests than uncoated samples, but further work is required to characterise the coating’s physical properties and its effects on field emission. The thermal conductivity of the coating material had little effect on measured sample lifetimes. Aluminium nitride had reduced power consumption compared to diamond-like carbon coated and uncoated samples. A thin (∼5 nm) layer of aluminium nitride was found to be optimal, meeting European Space Agency specifications for the neutraliser engineering model.     

离子色谱法测定标准物质DIANP中的无机阴离子

采用离子色谱法对DIANP中无机阴离子NO2-,N3-,NO3-,CO32-,SO42-进行测定。乙腈溶解DI-ANP后,加水萃取无机离子,通过On GuardⅡRP柱,去除DIANP或其分解的有机产物,用氢氧化钾溶液为淋洗液梯度洗脱,流速为1.0mL/min,采用IonPac AS11-HC阴离子色谱柱进行分析。测定结果,5种阴离子相关系数达到0.999以上,相对标准偏差为1.57%～4.30%,NO2-,N3-,NO3-,SO24-加标平均回收率为89.3%～98.6%。该方法简便、快速,且结果满意。     

高能离子辐照下薄膜界面化学结合增强的模型

近年来高能离子辐照引起的薄膜附着力增强现象及其应用受到了广泛的重视。由于高能离子一固体相互作用的复杂性,目前对附着力增强的物理机制的认识还不清楚。文章基于高能离子辐照引起界面原子化学结合键增强的思想,建立了薄膜附着力增强的理论模型,并由此得到辐照离子阈剂量与离子能量损失(电子阻止能力)及其界面原子结合键能的分析表达式,计算结果与实验结果很好吻合。理论分析表达式说明,膜附着力增强的阈剂量受界面原子结构、元素种类、电子阻止能力及其形成固体径迹所损失的能量等多种因素有关。     

差动式光纤Bragg光栅加速度计传感头设计与仿真

针对传统悬臂梁-质量块结构加速度计存在的灵敏度与固有频率不能兼顾的问题,设计一种差动式光纤Bragg光栅加速度计,建立系统模型,对测量精度等进行理论计算与分析.传感头设计采用主梁与微梁结合的结构,是悬臂梁-质量块结构的一种改进形式,并运用有限元方法对其静态特性和动态性能进行仿真分析.结果表明:该设计系统精度可以达到10.5×10-3g,固有频率为270Hz,固有频率是同等精度的传统悬臂梁结构光纤光栅加速度计的2.7倍;此结构的加速度计在不降低灵敏度的同时可以有效提高系统的固有频率.      

Proton lateral broadening distribution comparisons between GRNTRN,MCNPX, and laboratory beam measurements

Recent developments in NASA’s deterministic High charge (Z) and Energy TRaNsport (HZETRN) code have included lateral broadening of primary ion beams due to small-angle multiple Coulomb scattering, and coupling of the ion-nuclear scattering interactions with energy loss and straggling. This new version of HZETRN is based on Green function methods, called GRNTRN, and is suitable for modeling transport with both space environment and laboratory boundary conditions. Multiple scattering processes are a necessary extension to GRNTRN in order to accurately model ion beam experiments, to simulate the physical and biological-effective radiation dose, and to develop new methods and strategies for light-ion radiation therapy. In this paper we compare GRNTRN simulations of proton lateral broadening distributions with beam measurements taken at Loma Linda University Proton Therapy Facility. The simulated and measured lateral broadening distributions are compared for a 250 MeV proton beam on aluminum, polyethylene, polystyrene, bone substitute, iron, and lead target materials. The GRNTRN results are also compared to simulations from the Monte Carlo MCNPX code for the same projectile-target combinations described above.     

离子推力器放电腔内等离子体流动规律的全粒子模型

为了详细描述等离子体在放电腔内的产生、演化过程,建立了放电腔内部等离子体流动的二维轴对称全粒子数值模型。在考虑壁面二次电子发射影响的前提下,模拟得到了稳态后放电腔内电磁场、电子与离子数密度,电流密度等一系列参数分布,且与相关实验数据进行了比较,吻合较好。模型得到了实验中难以观测到的放电腔内等离子体的产生、演化过程以及稳态下的分布规律,合理解释了放电腔工作的基本原理。     

离子推力器栅极系统电子反流阈值的数值分析

阻止束流等离子体中电子反流到加速栅上游区域是离子推力器加速栅负电压的主要作用之一,能够阻止电子反流的加速栅电压最小值称为电子反流阈值。加速栅电压的选择直接影响到离子推力器的工作性能和运行寿命,电子反流阈值电压是确定加速栅电压的重要参考参数。基于PIC方法计算了20cm氙离子推力器加速栅电子反流阈值,并分析了加速栅孔径、栅间距、单孔引出束流电流大小对加速栅电子反流阈值电压的影响,计算结果与试验测量值符合较好。该数值模型为加速栅参数的选择和降低电子反流失效风险方法提供了参考,为下一步电子反流现象对加速栅寿命的预测分析奠定了基础。     

改进的Woodward方法及用于设计大口面天线馈源

在分析传统的Woodward综合方法及其改进方法的基础上,引入最小二乘及伪逆,得到一种新的方向图综合方法;并将新方法与阵列波束形成技术结合,用于设计大型口面天线/FAST(Five-hundred meter Aperture Spherical Telescope)的初级方向图.在本文提出的方法中,抽样点数可以与阵列单元数相等和不等,对综合区域没有限制,所以综合的赋形波束更加灵活,适应场合更广泛.      

A Carbon Nano Tube electron impact ionisation source for low-power,compact spacecraft mass spectrometers

A novel ionisation source which uses commercially available Carbon Nano Tube devices is demonstrated as a replacement for a filament based ionisation source in an ion trap mass spectrometer. The carbon nanotube ion source electron emission was characterised and exhibited typical emission of 30 ± 1.7 μA with an applied voltage differential of 300 V between the carbon nanotube tips and the extraction grid. The ion source was tested for longevity and operated under a condition of continuous emission for a period of 44 h; there was an observed reduction in emission current of 26.5% during operation. Spectra were generated by installing the ion source into a Finnigan Mat ITD700 ion trap mass spectrometer; the spectra recorded showed all of the characteristic m/z peaks from m/z 69 to m/z 219. Perfluorotributylamine spectra were collected and averaged contiguously for a period of 48 h with no significant signal loss or peak mass allocation shift. The low power requirements and low mass of this novel ionisation source are considered be of great value to future space missions where mass spectrometric technology will be employed.