探针特性曲线的初级电子修正及用离子声波速度测电子温度的研究

在Te>>Ti,且存在两种电子能量的等离子体中,讨论了正确进行朗缪尔探针特性曲线修正--初级电子修正方法;用朗缪尔探针方法得到的等离子体电子温度与离子声波速度测量得到的电子温度分布实验结果比较证明,提出的初级电子修正方法是正确的.实验结果还表明,用离子声波速度测量得到的电子温度误差较小,平均测量误差△Te大约只有0.1eV,有望成为一种可行的电子温度测量方法.     

改善离子推力器束流均匀性的方法

离子推力器的束流分布,直接影响离子推力器离子光学系统（亦称栅极组件）的性能和寿命。通过对离子推力器离子光学系统的改进和放电室磁场的优化,使束流均匀性系数R值达到0.7左右。离子推力器束流分布均匀性的有效提高,有助于改善离子光学系统的受热分布,降低离子光学系统的温度,并能减小其温度差,使离子光学系统的热应力和热变形降低,进而延长离子推力器的寿命。     

离子推力器小功率正高压屏栅电源研究

为了设计一种适用于小功率离子推力器的小功率正高压屏栅电源,本文提出了一种前级降压斩波电路后级全桥LLC谐振及全波倍压整流的两级式拓扑结构。在该主电路的基础上,设计了控制电路,并开展了试验研究。试验结果表明：设计的正高压屏栅电源在输入电压42 V、输出负载12.52 kΩ时,输出电压和输出功率分别为1050 V、88 W,且输出电压误差范围控制在2%以内,屏栅电源效率为90.44%。对于输出正负极高压短路、瞬时加减载具有自恢复功能。研究证明了该两级式拓扑结构的可行性,从而提供了一种小功率正高压屏栅电源的设计方法,对小功率离子推力器的发展具有推动作用。     

Comparisons of foF2 with IRI model and equatorial vertical drifts

Measurements of the critical frequency, foF2 recorded over Ibadan: 7.4°N, 3.9°E (geographic), 6°S (dip angle) have been compared with the International Reference Ionosphere (IRI-2007) model for solar maximum geomagnetically quiet conditions, with a view to determining what modifications might bring about better predictions for the model. Our results reveal that the present version of IRI essentially reproduces diurnal trends and the general features of the experimental observations for all seasons, except for nighttime June solstice periods, which the model seriously overestimated. The model errors ranging from 50% to 125% over the four seasons considered in this study. It is also indicated that the percentage relative deviations between the observed and the modeled values vary approximately from −11% to 12% (March), −34% to 11% (June), −16% to 12% (September), and −10% to 13% (December). An unexpected feature of foF2 is obvious and remarkable reduction in values during nighttime June solstice periods compared to that in other seasons. Relationship between equatorial vertical drift and foF2 is also investigated. However, cross correlation analysis reveals strong anti-correlation between vertical drift and critical frequency during the daytime hours, but exceptionally opposite is the case for the nighttime sector. The discrepancies which are noted, particularly during June solstice season are attributed to processes most likely within the thermosphere and from meteorological influences during quiet magnetic conditions.     

The Structure of the Chromosphere Properties Pertaining to Element Fractionation

We review the structure and dynamics of the solar chromosphere with emphasis on the quiet Sun and properties that are relevant to element fractionation mechanisms. Attention is given to the chromospheric magnetic field, its connections to the photosphere, and to the dynamical evolution of the chromosphere. While some profound advances have been made in the “unmagnetized” chromosphere, our knowledge of the magnetically controlled chromosphere, more relevant for the discussion of element fractionation, is limited. Given the dynamic nature of the chromosphere and the poorly understood magnetic linkage to the corona, it is unlikely that we will soon know the detailed processes leading to FIP fractionation. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

离子注入生物诱变实验注入剂量的测量与控制

离子注入生物诱变是不同于传统辐射生物学的人工诱变新方法。在离子注入生物诱变实验中,注入剂量决定了生物样品的辐射损伤程度,是要求精确测定并控制的一个重要参量。本文介绍５０ｋｅＶ离子注入生物诱变实验装置注入剂量的测量和控制方法,对系统的硬件结构和软件设计作了较详细的说明。实验结果表明：注入剂量的测量与控制准确、可靠。     

8cm汞离子推进器样机用小孔空心阴极设计

对小孔空心阴极内部放电物理过程作了描述。根据8cm 汞离子推进器与阴极相关的设计参数,计算了阴极内部压强、粒子密度、初始电子能量平均交换自由程等参量,因而设计出阴极发射体、阴极顶小孔等主要尺寸。复核了阴极发射电流。对阴极热平衡、加热器工作参量作了计算,并与实验结果进行了比较。根据阴极在推进器中工作方式,对阴极结构设计进行了描述,包括材料选择和等离子体喷涂工艺制造。给出了长期阴极热模拟实验结果。     

离子发动机加速栅极孔扩大腐蚀的粒子模拟

为研究离子发动机加速栅极孔扩大腐蚀速的特征及影响规律,采用单元内粒子——蒙特卡罗碰撞(PIC-MCC)方法,结合溅射腐蚀模型,模拟了栅极间束流离子及交换电荷(CEX)离子的分布情况,得到离子发动机加速栅极孔扩大腐蚀情况及平均腐蚀率,为0.0176μm/h。进一步研究了工作参数和几何参数对其影响,并建立了适用于工程应用的加速栅极孔扩大腐蚀预测模型。结果表明,在影响孔扩大腐蚀率各种因素中,束流电流密度和中性气体密度的影响最大。因此,在离子发动机直径一定的情况下,提高放电室出口等离子体密度的均匀性及推进剂利用率,是提高栅极寿命的根本途径。      

离子推力器栅极极限寿命优化

离子推力器的极限寿命最终取决于栅极的极限寿命。针对LIPS-200离子推力器延长寿命到20000h以上的工程应用需求,在分析离子推力器极限寿命所对应关键失效模式及磨损机理的基础上,基于加速电压能够有效调节关键失效模式发展进程的工作机制,提出了具有普适性的离子推力器栅极极限寿命优化的恒定加速电压方法和步进调节加速电压方法。结合LIPS-200离子推力器寿命试验的过程及最终结果数据,在完全继承推力器现有技术状态和成熟度的前提下,采用恒定加速电压方法可以将推力器的极限寿命从现有的14649h提高到17300h,采用步进调节加速电压方法可以将推力器极限寿命提高到20400h,从而实现LIPS-200延长寿命目标。     

利用曙暮气辉光度观测研究钠层

通过对钠原子曙暮气辉的18次观测确定了北京北郊上空不同季节钠原子气柱总含量和钠层重心高度等结构参数。结果表明:春夏季钠层重心位置高,秋冬季位置低.冬季观测的平均钠层重心高度为85.67公里;钠原子气柱总含量冬季明显高于其它季节,1月和12月的含量约为6月的7.5倍;冬季钠层也相对地厚.钠层重心高度及总含量的季节变化不仅受D层顶中性和离子化学的制约,而且受到垂直风及子午向或纬向环流的很大影响.