O2 evolution and cyclic electron flow around photosystem I in long-term ground batch culture of Euglena gracilis

Based on the purpose of better exploring the function of green producers in the closed aquatic biological life support system, the condition of dynamic O₂ evolution and performance of cyclic electron flow around photosystem I (CEF-PSI) in long-term ground batch culture of Euglena gracilis were studied, the relationship between linear electron flow (LEF) and CEF-PSI was revealed, the function of CEF-PSI was investigated. Excellent consistency in O₂ evolution pattern was observed in cultures grown in both closed and open containers, O₂ evolution was strictly suppressed in phase 1, but the rate of it increased significantly in phase 2. CEF-PSI was proposed to be active during the whole course of cultivation, even in the declining phase 3, it still operated at the extent of 47–55%. It is suggested that the relationship between LEF and CEF-PSI is not only competition but also reciprocity. CEF-PSI was proposed to contribute to the considerable growth in phase 1; it was also suggested to play an important protective role against photosystem II (PSII) photoinhibition at the greatly enhanced level (approximately 80–95%) on the 2nd day. Our results in this research suggest that E. gracilis had very particular photosynthetic characteristics, the strict O₂ evolution suppression in the initial culture phase might be a special light acclimation behavior, and CEF-PSI could be an important mechanism involved in this kind of adaptation to the changeable light environment.     

重气体介质中超临界翼型跨声速流动特性

采用Peng-Robinson非理想气体状态方程模拟重气体介质的热力学特性,并与雷诺平均Navier-Stokes方程结合,形成封闭的重气体介质流动模型。针对超临界翼型流动问题,利用LU-SGS（lower-upper symmetric Gauss-Seidel）隐式时间推进格式和有限体积法,分别求解空气介质和重气体介质下的流动特性。数值模拟结果表明:在跨声速条件下重气体介质中超临界翼型的升阻力增大、超声速区域表面负压增加、边界层位移厚度减小、激波后移、表面摩擦阻力明显增大、后缘流动分离推迟。该研究为后续重气体介质中飞行器颤振特性研究及修正方法的发展提供了基础支持。      

轴承腔油气两相介质流动与热分析

为获得轴承腔油气两相介质流动与热分析计算方法,探究轴承腔油气两相介质流动换热规律。以某发动机轴承腔结构为对象,运用CFD方法分析轴承腔中两相介质流动速度、温度分布、体积分数和传热系数分布。基于试验获取轴承腔内外不同位置局部温度,利用温度梯度法计算热流获得传热系数。结果表明:两相介质的流动速度随径向高度增大呈现先增大后减小趋势,在无量纲径向高度为0.6时流速最大。轴承腔中转子及壁面之间的区域两相介质的温度随径向坐标增大呈现先减小后增大趋势。轴承腔内滑油主要分布在回油池及轴承腔外壁面上,回油池旁边其剪力分量和重力方向一致区域的油膜较薄,局部传热系数较小,其方向相反区域的油膜较厚,局部传热系数较大。      

有耗媒质表面阻抗的计算及应用

给出了在不满足阻抗边界条件所需的几个条件下有耗媒质表面阻抗的分析和计算方法。文章采用传输线理论考虑了复折射角,给出了平面多层有耗媒质表面阻抗的具体计算表达式。对于圆柱多层材料表面阻抗的计算进行了讨论,提出了模式表面阻抗及平均表面阻抗的概念。文章还给出了应用实例。数值计算及实验表明,用本文的方法计算的表面阻抗而求出的具有开槽的表面阻抗加载的二维柱劈融合体的RCS与实验结果基本~致。     

Equilibration Processes in the Warm-Hot Intergalactic Medium

The Warm-Hot Intergalactic Medium (WHIM) is thought to contribute about 40–50% to the baryonic budget at the present evolution stage of the universe. The observed large scale structure is likely to be due to gravitational growth of density fluctuations in the post-inflation era. The evolving cosmic web is governed by non-linear gravitational growth of the initially weak density fluctuations in the dark energy dominated cosmology. Non-linear structure formation, accretion and merging processes, star forming and AGN activity produce gas shocks in the WHIM. Shock waves are converting a fraction of the gravitation power to thermal and non-thermal emission of baryonic/leptonic matter. They provide the most likely way to power the luminous matter in the WHIM. The plasma shocks in the WHIM are expected to be collisionless. Collisionless shocks produce a highly non-equilibrium state with anisotropic temperatures and a large differences in ion and electron temperatures. We discuss the ion and electron heating by the collisionless shocks and then review the plasma processes responsible for the Coulomb equilibration and collisional ionisation equilibrium of oxygen ions in the WHIM. MHD-turbulence produced by the strong collisionless shocks could provide a sizeable non-thermal contribution to the observed Doppler parameter of the UV line spectra of the WHIM.     

考虑辐射效应的多孔材料传热有限元算法

应用有限元法求解一维半透明多孔介质辐射对流传热问题。通过对辐射传递方程与边界条件中积分项的离散 ,推导出有限元求解列式。对于多孔介质传热控制方程和气体传热控制方程的求解 ,采用时间积分技术对两相温度统一进行求解。而对于边界方程处理 ,则通过传热方程与边界方程的循环求解 ,求出任意时刻温度场的瞬态解。给出数值算例 ,得出了放置在通风口、同时受到伴随辐射作用的半透明多孔介质传热的瞬态解 ,讨论了部分参数对瞬态温度场以及换热效果的影响      

Structure of low-head two-phase flow in flat nozzles during outflow of the liquid into rarefied medium

Outcomes of experimental researches of the low-pressure adiabatic flow of the boiling liquid through two-dimensional Laval nozzles in a vacuum atmosphere were adduced. Requirements of critical conditions of flow were determined. Structural forms of a stream were investigated and their connection with crisis of flow was shown. It was established periodic non-stationary macrostructures of a stream which was stipulated by the rotational gear of origin of a vapor phase.      

Local Interstellar Medium Summary of Working Group VI

This report summarizes the issues discussed in Working Group VI concerning the accuracy of measurements of D/H and 3He/H in the local interstellar medium, possible systematic errors, and emerging trends in the results.     

Observations of Extended Radio Emission in Clusters

We review observations of extended regions of radio emission in clusters; these include diffuse emission in ‘relics’, and the large central regions commonly referred to as ‘halos’. The spectral observations, as well as Faraday rotation measurements of background and cluster radio sources, provide the main evidence for large-scale intracluster magnetic fields and significant densities of relativistic electrons. Implications from these observations on acceleration mechanisms of these electrons are reviewed, including turbulent and shock acceleration, and also the origin of some of the electrons in collisions of relativistic protons by ambient protons in the (thermal) gas. Improved knowledge of non-thermal phenomena in clusters requires more extensive and detailed radio measurements; we briefly review prospects for future observations.     

中介粗集及其在数据挖掘中的应用

粗集理论已成功应用于数据挖掘,如基于粗集方法的属性发现和决策规则的约简等。中介集合论是以中介逻辑为基础,也可以用于数据挖掘。文中将两者相结合,提出了中介粗集的概念。中介粗集是普通粗集的推广,为不完全信息系统的数据挖掘提供了新的工具,不仅可用于一般的信息系统,还适用于数据取空值的信息系统（允许结论取空值）。利用中介粗集进行数据挖掘不但可以得出粗集理论中的约简,还能得到更为简洁的中介约简。文中还给出了