月球取样返回器回收半实物仿真系统研究

月球取样返回器回收半实物仿真系统是通过模拟返回器取压孔附近压力环境,将回收程控装置硬件实物接入仿真系统并构成实时仿真回路的半实物仿真平台。文章介绍了月球取样返回器回收半实物仿真系统的研制意义,对系统总体结构和设计方案、网络环境、运行流程和新的设计特点进行概括,在面向对象的基础上建立了分阶段的月球取样返回器降落伞回收系统整个工作过程的动力学模型,利用空投试验测量数据对模型的仿真精度进行验证分析,并对半实物仿真系统的实时性和压力模拟精度进行了分析。结果表明,半实物仿真系统的各项技术参数均达到设计指标,可为中国探月工程三期中月球取样返回器回收分系统的可靠性评估提供重要的技术支持。     

基于LQR的弹道跟踪制导律设计

针对防空导弹弹道跟踪问题,基于线性二次型调节器（ LQR）理论设计了2种弹道跟踪制导律。首先,以时间为自变量,对导弹质点运动模型线性化,得到第一种线性化模型;接着,为提高模型精度和允许扰动范围,以导弹X坐标为自变量对导弹质点运动模型线性化,得到第二种线性化模型;然后,针对2种线性化模型,利用LQR理论分别设计跟踪制导律,并给出制导指令计算公式和制导流程;最后,在一定外界干扰作用下,将所设计2种跟踪制导律应用于导弹质点运动仿真,并从抑制随机风干扰、消除初始偏差等方面对2种制导律进行比较。结果表明,2种制导律都能实现弹道精确跟踪,且基于第2种线性化模型设计的跟踪制导律各项性能均优于第1种跟踪制导律,说明基于导弹X坐标线性化的模型精确度较高,适用于弹道跟踪制导律的设计。     

复合喷管结构温度场流固耦合仿真分析

为了评估复合喷管热防护性能以及获取喷管烧蚀和结构应力分析的工况条件,运用Fluent流体动力学软件,对复合喷管的结构温度场进行了数值仿真。分析中,采用了两方程RNG k?ω湍流模型和增强型壁面函数,利用流固耦合的计算方法,获得了喷管结构瞬态温度场的计算结果,重点分析了结构温度场最终分布状态和初期传播特点,以及喉衬温度随时间的变化规律,估算了喉衬的烧蚀。分析结果表明,喷管结构热防护性能满足要求,温度最高区域位于喷管收敛段中后部,喉衬线烧蚀量约为2．1 mm,为喷管结构进一步优化设计提供了重要参考依据。     

燃气发生器固定连接结构可靠性改进设计

为满足某火箭发动机燃气发生器固定连接结构长期贮存和长时间高温环境下可靠工作的要求,在保证原固定连接结构形式不变的前提条件下提出了改进设计方案。新的方案采用不锈耐酸钢和高温合金钢替换原普通碳钢,同时采用了新的焊接工艺方法。为了验证新卡箍连接强度和动态特性,进行了模态分析和动应力/动应变理论计算、强度破坏和振动试验。最后通过地面热试车和飞行试验对改进设计方案进行了验证,结果表明新的卡箍提高了结构连接可靠性,完全满足发动机使用要求。     

Effects of uncertainties and flexible dynamic contributions on the control of a spacecraft full-coupled model

One of the most important problems for performing a good design of the spacecraft attitude control law is connected to its robustness when some uncertainty parameters are present on the inertial and/or on the elastic characteristics of a satellite. These uncertainties are generally intrinsic on the modeling of complex structures and in the case of large flexible structures they can be also attributed to secondary effects associated to the elasticity. One of the most interesting issues in modeling large flexible space structures is associated to the evaluation of the inertia tensor which in general depends not only on the geometric ‘fixed’ characteristic of the satellite but also on its elastic displacements which of course in turn modify the ‘shape’ of the satellite. Usually these terms can be considered of a second order of magnitude if compared with the ones associated to the rigid part of a structure. However the increasing demand on the dimension of satellites due to the presence for instance of very large solar arrays (necessary to generate power) and/or large antennas has the necessity to investigate their effects on their global dynamic behavior in more details as a consequence. In the present paper a methodology based on classical Lagrangian approach coupled with a standard Finite Element tool has been used to derive the full dynamic equations of an orbiting flexible satellite under the actions of gravity, gravity gradient forces and attitude control. A particular attention has been paid to the study of the effects of flexibility on the inertial terms of the spacecraft which, as well known, influence its attitude dynamic behavior. Furthermore the effects of the attitude control authority and its robustness to the uncertainties on inertial and elastic parameters has been investigated and discussed.     

A hybrid attitude controller consisting of electromagnetic torque rods and an active fluid ring

In this paper, a novel hybrid actuation system for satellite attitude stabilization is proposed along with its feasibility analysis. The system considered consists of two magnetic torque rods and one fluid ring to produce the control torque required in the direction in which magnetic torque rods cannot produce torque. A mathematical model of the system dynamics is derived first. Then a controller is developed to stabilize the attitude angles of a satellite equipped with the abovementioned set of actuators. The effect of failure of the fluid ring or a magnetic torque rod is examined as well. It is noted that the case of failure of the magnetic torque rod whose torque is along the pitch axis is the most critical, since the coupling between the roll or yaw motion and the pitch motion is quite weak. The simulation results show that the control system proposed is quite fault tolerant.     

Nonlinear H∞ based underactuated attitude control for small satellites with two reaction wheels

Underactuated attitude control is supposed to be used on spacecraft when failure happens with onboard actuators. One main problem with existing underactuated attitude control designs is their limited capabilities against disturbances. In order to solve this problem, an approach based on the theory of H∞$H\infty$ is proposed in this paper. Two propositions are derived from the H∞$H\infty$ theory to improve the robustness of one popular underactuated attitude control design, which was presented by Tsiotras et al. It is proved mathematically that the controller satisfying these two propositions respectively can stabilize the underactuated attitude system locally or globally. The numerical simulations show that the improved controllers based on the H∞$H\infty$ theory could provide higher pointing accuracy for small satellites against disturbances. This validates the effectiveness of the proposed H∞$H\infty$ based approach to improve existing underactuated attitude control designs.     

Space debris and the need for space traffic control

This report summarises the presentations which took place at the ‘Space Traffic Control – Is the Space Debris Problem Solvable?’ conference hosted by the Royal Aeronautical Society on the 2nd July 2013. The conference sought to promote discussion over methods to deal with the issue of space debris in particular and speakers included representatives from the European Space Agency, the United Kingdom Space Agency, practitioners and academia. Themes which emerged during the conference included the urgency of the problem of space debris, the need for short-term and long-term solutions, the necessity for the development and implementation of space debris remediation technologies to complement existing mitigation efforts and, last but not least, the wider applications of space traffic control. Regarding the sub-title of the conference, ‘is the space debris problem solvable?’, it would appear from the presentations that while there is the potential for future management of the issue through debris remediation and harmonised mitigation efforts, no comprehensive solutions exist at the time of writing.     

一种新型充气式重力梯度杆的研制和在轨展开试验

文章对中国“新技术验证一号”卫星搭载的一种新型充气式重力梯度杆的研制和在轨试验情况进行了介绍。重力梯度杆在小卫星控制领域中具有较好的应用前景,而充气结构具有轻质、占用空间小、发射成本低的特点,采用充气式重力梯度杆可避免传统机械式重力梯度杆质量重、尺寸大和机构复杂的缺点,它以充气伸展臂为主要结构形式,通过充气展开伸直成为重力梯度杆,既作为卫星重力梯度杆又通过在轨试验验证空间充气展开结构的性能。在轨试验结果表明充气式重力梯度杆展开稳定、有序、性能可靠,可以满足小卫星的性能和功能要求。该试验也是中国首个成功的充气展开结构在轨技术验证试验,标志着中国的充气展开结构技术初步具备了工程化能力。     

空间在轨服务物理仿真系统有效性研究

研究典型在轨服务机器人气浮式物理仿真系统的有效性问题。针对在轨逼近和操作（抓取、移动和释放）这两种关键工作模式,从动力学原理和干扰下响应的一致性两个方面,系统分析了仿真数据的有效性。基于对误差模型的分析,研究仿真系统中干扰因素对仿真数据有效性的影响,给出物理仿真系统的可应用条件。将该结果应用到具体物理仿真系统中,可以对物理仿真试验起指导作用。