Effect of biases in integrity monitoring for RTK positioning

In road transport, continuous high-accuracy positioning is required in real time. To ensure the proper functioning and safety of vehicular applications, integrity monitoring (IM) is needed to protect from the positioning errors under a certain alert limit (AL) with a pre-defined probability of misleading information (MI). In this study, a detailed threat model is developed for real-time kinematic (RTK) positioning application of short baselines. The model distinguishes between ambiguity-float and -fixed scenarios, and considers the influences of phase and code multipath as well as between-receiver atmospheric residuals. With the float ambiguities temporally constrained, the bias contribution that propagates with time-updated ambiguities was studied analytically for the horizontal protection level (HPL) in IM. Based on real data from both static and kinematic experiments, HPL was computed along the direction of the semi-major axis of the horizontal error ellipse. In ambiguity-float and -fixed cases, the HPL was mostly several meters and decimetres, respectively. It was found that time-propagated biases play a dominant role in the ambiguity-float HPL, and among them, phase and code multipath had in general the largest contributions. For ambiguity-fixed case, the phase multipath was found to play a dominant role in the HPL. This shows the importance of considering the biases in the RTK IM for both the ambiguity-float and -fixed scenarios. Given a horizontal alert limit (HAL) of 5 m, the availabilities of ambiguity-float solutions were low, i.e., below 50% for the static roof tests and below 5% for the kinematic road tests. For the ambiguity-fixed scenario, with HAL at 0.5 m, integrity availability was nearly 100% for the static roof tests and above 85% for the kinematic road tests.     

基于最小二乘法的GPS故障星辨识新方法研究

在最小二乘故障检测的基础上,提出了一种在最小二乘法残差向量ω的似然函数基础上推导出故障卫星辨识的新方法。采用该方法针对GPS卫星中可能出现的突发性故障以及斜坡形软故障进行了仿真实验。结果表明,该故障卫星辨识方法能够准确地辨识出故障卫星并将其实时剔除,星座重构后能够使GPS的定位莰差处于正常的范围内。     

Monitoring atomic clocks on board GNSS satellites

A method for monitoring atomic clocks on board Global Navigation Satellites System (GNSS) satellites is described to address the issue of clock related signal integrity in safety–critical applications of GNSS. The carrier-phase time transfer is employed in the clock monitoring method which enables tight tracking of the satellite onboard clocks and thus improves detectability of clock anomalies. Detecting onboard clock anomalies requires the ability to monitor clocks in real time, and a Kalman filter can then be utilized to estimate the phase offsets between the satellite clocks and ground clocks. This study, using the difference between the measured and predicted phase offset as a test statistic, sets a threshold for clock anomalies based on the prediction interval approach. Finally the validity of the monitoring method is examined by processing a set of real GNSS data that includes two recent incidents of clock anomalies in GNSS satellites.     

中国和亚洲／大洋洲区域WAAS系统方案建议

广域增强系统的概念已经被全球范围的航空界所接受．本文从整体上介绍了广域增强系统以及全球的发展现状．除了美国联邦航空局和欧洲的系统外，一些亚洲和大洋洲国家包括澳大利亚、日本、印度和中国等国家都在规划各自的广域增强系统。从技术、经济和地缘政治的原因考虑，建议这些国家应该合作建立一个区域性的广域增强系统。这个亚洲和大洋洲系统与美国和欧洲的两大系统最终形成一个全球的广域增强系统，为全球卫星导航系统提供无缝隙的增强。     

多星座组合导航系统自主完好性监测方法研究

提出一种“VGC BIT”的方法分析多故障情况下多星座组合导航系统的自主完好性监测性能。该方法基于现有GPS观测数据构建“准现实”的GPS/Galileo组合导航环境,可有效实现对多故障情况下GPS/Galileo组合系统完好性监测性能的分析。应用该方法计算GPS/Galileo组合导航系统中同时存在1~4个故障时的故障检测(FD)和排除(FDE)可用率。计算结果表明,在北京和上海两地,即使出现分布情况最坏的4个故障星,航路阶段FD和FDE的可用性仍大于99%。     

卫星导航进近技术进展

全球卫星定位系统（GNSS）增强系统能提供全天候无间断的卫星导航信号，可以辅助飞机进行进近。本文介绍了全球卫星导航系统进近着陆系统的基本组成、工作原理和功能特点，并对国内外研究进展进行了阐述。针对GNSS进近研究中的热点问题，重点论述了地基增强系统（GBAS）、星基增强系统（SBAS）、用户自主完好性监测（RAIM）等技术的发展现状，指出了GNSS进近技术实际工程应用仍然存在的问题，探讨了GNSS进近技术未来的发展方向。     

GPS伪随机码畸变的建模与分析

建立了全球卫星定位系统(GPS)卫星C/A码畸变数学模型,推导了畸变后的C/A码的相关函数,在Matlab软件中进行仿真。结果表明:该模型能合理解释SVN19卫星的测距码畸变故障,并可作为未来伪随机信号畸变的一个合理模型,为导航信号的完好性监测提供理论支持。     

Highly reliable relative navigation for multi-UAV formation flight in urban environments

Formation flight of multiple Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) is expected to bring significant benefits to a wide range of applications. Accurate and reliable relative position information is a prerequisite to safely maintain a fairly close distance between UAVs and to achieve inner-system collision avoidance. However, Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) measurements are vulnerable to erroneous signals in urban canyons, which could potentially lead to catastrophic consequences. Accordingly, on the basis of performing relative positioning with double differenced pseudoranges, this paper develops an integrity monitoring framework to improve navigation integrity (a measure of reliability) in urban environments. On the one hand, this framework includes a fault detection and exclusion scheme to protect against measurement faults. To accommodate urban scenarios, spatial dependence in the faults are taken into consideration by this scheme. On the other hand, relative protection level is rigorously derived to describe the probabilistic error bound of the navigation output. This indicator can be used to evaluate collision risk and to warn collision danger in real time. The proposed algorithms are validated by both simulations and flight experiments. Simulation results quantitatively reveal the sensitivity of navigation performance to receiver configurations and environmental conditions. And experimental results suggest high efficiency and effectiveness of the new integrity monitoring framework.     

对传感器失效具有完整性的神经网络控制器设计

本文研究了对一些传感器失效控制系统仍保持稳定性的问题，将多层前传神经网络用于这一问题，通过对神经网络的训练，使训练后的神经网络构成的控制器对传感器故障具有完整性。该方法对达到完整性设计的要求条件较低，且不受线性系统方法的限制。文末的仿真实例说明了所给方法的有效性。