量子定位系统技术发展及其对导弹武器发展的影响

针对现有导航技术的不足,特别是天基卫星导航技术（如GPS）易受到干扰和破坏,美英两国相续进行了量子定位系统技术的研究。分析了量子定位系统产生的背景,阐述了量子定位系统的概念,对量子定位系统进行了分类,分析了其特点,重点梳理了量子定位系统的发展轨迹,继而分析了量子定位系统对导弹武器发展的影响,最后给出总结。     

靶场GNSS增强、监测与评估系统建设构想

针对靶场GNSS（全球导航卫星系统）增强、监测与评估的测量精度和可靠性保障、异常分析和电磁环境监测等复杂技术需求,明确了靶场GNSS增强、监测与评估的概念,分析了各类方法的特点,确定了以大范围基准站网为主干,采用广域差分增强和地面完好性通道监测满足提高测量精度和可靠性主要需求,采用车载信号监测和干扰监测一体化系统满足不同区域间发的异常分析和电磁环境监测需求的技术路线.设计了系统体系架构,重点分析了系统实时工作模式和数据处理流程,为系统建设提供了有益的参考.     

无人机地面站人机工效综合评价研究

无人机地面站发展日趋综合复杂,为了减轻地面站操作员工作负荷,避免飞行事故发生,保证高效、安全地完成飞行任务,开展无人机地面站人机工效评价方法研究十分重要.分析无人机地面站人机工效评价特点;借鉴有人驾驶飞机人机工效评价力法,利用德尔菲法,明确无人机地面站人机工效综合评价的评价指标,提出地面站人机工效评价专家调查表的构架及其内容;并探索无人机地面站人机工效评价方法.实例研究表明：本文提出的评价指标和方法可以满足无人机地面站人机工效评价需求,可为无人机地面站人机工效评价提供一定借鉴.     

Evaluation on real-time dynamic performance of BDS in PPP,RTK, and INS tightly aided modes

Since China’s BeiDou satellite navigation system (BDS) began to provide regional navigation service for Asia-Pacific region after 2012, more new generation BDS satellites have been launched to further expand BDS’s coverage to be global. In this contribution, precise positioning models based on BDS and the corresponding mathematical algorithms are presented in detail. Then, an evaluation on BDS’s real-time dynamic positioning and navigation performance is presented in Precise Point Positioning (PPP), Real-time Kinematic (RTK), Inertial Navigation System (INS) tightly aided PPP and RTK modes by processing a set of land-borne vehicle experiment data. Results indicate that BDS positioning Root Mean Square (RMS) in north, east, and vertical components are 2.0, 2.7, and 7.6?cm in RTK mode and 7.8, 14.7, and 24.8?cm in PPP mode, which are close to GPS positioning accuracy. Meanwhile, with the help of INS, about 38.8%, 67.5%, and 66.5% improvements can be obtained by using PPP/INS tight-integration mode. Such enhancements in RTK/INS tight-integration mode are 14.1%, 34.0%, and 41.9%. Moreover, the accuracy of velocimetry and attitude determination can be improved to be better than 1?cm/s and 0.1°, respectively. Besides, the continuity and reliability of BDS in both PPP and RTK modes can also be ameliorated significantly by INS during satellite signal missing periods.     

Deep reinforcement learning for six degree-of-freedom planetary landing

This work develops a deep reinforcement learning based approach for Six Degree-of-Freedom (DOF) planetary powered descent and landing. Future Mars missions will require advanced guidance, navigation, and control algorithms for the powered descent phase to target specific surface locations and achieve pinpoint accuracy (landing error ellipse <5 m radius). This requires both a navigation system capable of estimating the lander’s state in real-time and a guidance and control system that can map the estimated lander state to a commanded thrust for each lander engine. In this paper, we present a novel integrated guidance and control algorithm designed by applying the principles of reinforcement learning theory. The latter is used to learn a policy mapping the lander’s estimated state directly to a commanded thrust for each engine, resulting in accurate and almost fuel-optimal trajectories over a realistic deployment ellipse. Specifically, we use proximal policy optimization, a policy gradient method, to learn the policy. Another contribution of this paper is the use of different discount rates for terminal and shaping rewards, which significantly enhances optimization performance. We present simulation results demonstrating the guidance and control system’s performance in a 6-DOF simulation environment and demonstrate robustness to noise and system parameter uncertainty.     

Autonomous orbit determination using epoch-differenced gravity gradients and starlight refraction

Autonomous orbit determination via integration of epoch-differenced gravity gradients and starlight refraction is proposed in this paper for low-Earth-orbiting satellites operating in GPS-denied environments.Starlight refraction compensates for the significant along-track position error that occurs from only using gravity gradients and benefits from integration in terms of improved accuracy in radial and cross-track position estimates.The between-epoch differencing of gravity gradients is employed to eliminate slowly varying measurement biases and noise near the orbit revolution frequency.The refraction angle measurements are directly used and its Jacobian matrix derived from an implicit observation equation.An information fusion filter based on a sequential extended Kalman filter is developed for the orbit determination.Truth-model simulations are used to test the performance of the algorithm,and the effects of differencing intervals and orbital heights are analyzed.A semi-simulation study using actual gravity gradient data from the Gravity field and steady-state Ocean Circulation Explorer (GOCE) combined with simulated starlight refraction measurements is further conducted,and a three-dimensional position accuracy of better than 100 m is achieved.     

基于投影寻踪的地磁匹配区选取方法

针对基于单一地磁特征参数进行区域选取容易出现评价结果不全面的缺陷,提出了多特征参数融合的地磁匹配区选取方法。该方法结合信息熵和投影寻踪理论,综合考虑地磁标准差、粗糙度、相关系数和地磁熵等反映特定区域内地磁的总体起伏、光滑度、相关性强弱和信息量多少的地磁特征参数对匹配区的影响,建立了基于投影寻踪的地磁匹配区选取模型,利用遗传算法求解出最优投影方向,给出区域总的评价指数。利用文中提出的方法在选定区域进行了仿真试验,仿真结果表明,针对ICCP算法,在总评价指标高的区域进行地磁辅助导航,其匹配误差较小。
     

导航星座不完整对星间自主定轨几何精度因子的影响

星间自主定轨是星座自主导航的关键技术. 在系统建设初期未完成全星座组网、卫星出现故障或受损等情况下, 部分卫星缺失将导致导航星座不完整, 其对星间自主定轨性能的影响值得研究. 本文在提出逐卫星加权最小二乘自主定轨估计方法的基础上, 引入几何精度因子作为衡量星座不完整影响卫星自主定轨性能的指标, 最后以Galileo星座为例进行了仿真与分析. 结果表明, Galileo星座中卫星进行自主定轨时其可视卫星的冗余度较高, 少数卫星缺失不会对星间自主定轨的几何精度因子产生明显影响. 只有当星座缺失卫星数达2/3时, 会使得部分卫星的几何精度因子超差, 卫星自主定轨性能明显下降.      

基于多圆交汇的天文定位与组合导航方法

惯性/天文组合导航系统具有全自主、抗干扰能力强等特点,在一些特殊的导航领域受到了人们的高度重视。本文研究了一种天文多圆交汇迭代定位算法,具有数值计算稳定,适合任意多颗导航恒星参与计算的优点,并能同时计算出对应的定位误差协方差阵;在此基础上,将捷联惯性导航系统与天文导航系统组合,构成了扬长避短的组合导航系统,采用扩展卡尔曼滤波算法实现捷联惯导与天文定位两者的信息融合。最后进行了仿真实验,其结果表明,该天文定位算法简单有效,定位误差模型准确,组合后的系统具有较高的精度。     

气压垂直导航保护区内障碍物自动评估的算法研究

为了降低飞行程序设计过程中障碍物评估工作的复杂度和提高飞行程序设计效率,本文尝试以气压式垂直进近程序为例,在分析相关设计规章基础上,提出了一种保护区自动生成算法,实现障碍物自动评估。经GIS呈现技术进行结果验证,此算法能有效辅助飞行程序设计工作。