空间机器人一体化仿真系统的研究与实现

为对空间机器人关键算法进行验证和评估,开发了一套一体化仿真系统。该系统基于模块化设计思想,由遥测遥控接口、轨迹规划与控制、系统动力学模型、系统3D几何模型、相机成像模型、图像处理与位姿测量、碰撞检测与安全预警等模块组成。其中,3D实体模型及仿真场景由OSG(Open Scene Graph)建立,各关键模块的算法采用C语言编程实现,可对空间机器人执行在轨任务的关键算法进行闭环验证。最后对两种典型工况进行了仿真实验,结果表明了该系统的有效性。     

火星进入段自主导航技术研究现状与展望

基于国际上成功着陆的火星探测任务和未来火星着陆探测技术的发展需求,阐述了火星进入段自主导航的必要性。首先总结了火星进入段自主导航技术的研究现状与发展趋势,随后分析了火星进入段自主导航的特点以及所面临的挑战,并概括了火星进入段自主导航所涉及的关键技术。最后对我国未来火星探测任务进入段的自主导航技术发展方向进行了展望。     

以冲压发动机为动力的飞行/推进综合控制

对以冲压发动机为动力的超声速飞行器进行了巡航状态下的纵向飞行/推进综合控制研究。建立了考虑系统干扰和传感器噪声的系统模型。为消除静差,使用积分型LQG方法进行了飞行/推进综合控制。仿真结果表明,所设计的飞行/推进综合控制器抑制了高度和速度通道之间的耦合,具有一定的抗噪声干扰能力。     

电离层闪烁对导航接收机性能的影响

为定量分析电离层闪烁对接收机环路的影响,利用信号在电离层闪烁影响下的等效传输信道模型,通过数值仿真对比分析了电离层闪烁对接收信号幅度、载波相位、码相位、载噪比和I/Q支路跟踪值的性能影响。结果表明：电离层闪烁会使接收载噪比出现深度的快速衰落,严重时会出现高达5dB的突降,从而显著地影响用户的定位性能;在相同的电离层闪烁强度下,较小的环路带宽会发生较弱的载波相位周跳。     

Rapid and robust initialization for monocular visual inertial navigation within multi-state Kalman filter

Sensor-fusion based navigation attracts significant attentions for its robustness and accuracy in various applications. To achieve a versatile and efficient state estimation both indoor and outdoor, this paper presents an improved monocular visual inertial navigation architecture within the Multi-State Constraint Kalman Filter (MSCKF). In addition, to alleviate the initialization demands by appending enough stable poses in MSCKF, a rapid and robust Initialization MSCKF (I-MSCKF) navigation method is proposed in the paper. Based on the trifocal tensor and sigma-point filter, the initialization of the integrated navigation can be accomplished within three consecutive visual frames. Thus, the proposed I-MSCKF method can improve the navigation performance when suffered from shocks at the initial stage. Moreover, the sigma-point filter is applied at initial stage to improve the accuracy for state estimation. The state vector generated at initial stage from the proposed method is consistent with MSCKF, and thus a seamless transition can be achieved between the initialization and the subsequent navigation in I-MSCKF. Finally, the experimental results show that the proposed I-MSCKF method can improve the robustness and accuracy for monocular visual inertial navigations.     

Optimal Earth’s reentry disposal of the Galileo constellation

Nowadays there is international consensus that space activities must be managed to minimize debris generation and risk. The paper presents a method for the end-of-life (EoL) disposal of spacecraft in Medium Earth Orbit (MEO). The problem is formulated as a multiobjective optimisation one, which is solved with an evolutionary algorithm. An impulsive manoeuvre is optimised to reenter the spacecraft in Earth’s atmosphere within 100?years. Pareto optimal solutions are obtained using the manoeuvre $\mathrm{\Delta }v$ and the time-to-reentry as objective functions to be minimised. To explore at the best the search space a semi-analytical orbit propagator, which can propagate an orbit for 100?years in few seconds, is adopted. An in-depth analysis of the results is carried out to understand the conditions leading to a fast reentry with minimum propellant. For this aim a new way of representing the disposal solutions is introduced. With a single 2D plot we are able to fully describe the time evolution of all the relevant orbital parameters as well as identify the conditions that enables the eccentricity build-up. The EoL disposal of the Galileo constellation is used as test case.     

UAV navigation in high dynamic environments: A deep reinforcement learning approach

Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) navigation is aimed at guiding a UAV to the desired destinations along a collision-free and efficient path without human interventions, and it plays a crucial role in autonomous missions in harsh environments. The recently emerging Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) methods have shown promise for addressing the UAV navigation problem, but most of these methods cannot converge due to the massive amounts of interactive data when a UAV is navigating in high dynamic environments, where there are numerous obstacles moving fast. In this work, we propose an improved DRL-based method to tackle these fundamental limitations. To be specific, we develop a distributed DRL framework to decompose the UAV navigation task into two simpler sub-tasks, each of which is solved through the designed Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) based DRL network by using only part of the interactive data. Furthermore, a clipped DRL loss function is proposed to closely stack the two sub-solutions into one integral for the UAV navigation problem. Extensive simulation results are provided to corroborate the superiority of the proposed method in terms of the convergence and effectiveness compared with those of the state-of-the-art DRL methods.     

基于建构主义的高职综合英语教学策略分析

综合英语作为高职英语专业基础阶段的核心课程之一,其目的在于培养和提高学生综合应用英语的能力。但长期以来综合英语教学往往以教师的传授为主,注重基础知识教学,忽略语言能力的培养。而建构主义认为学习是一个积极主动的建构过程。基于此并结合实践,本文阐述了建构主义学习理论对于高职综合英语教学的几点启示,包括创设情境、协作学习、组织会话和效果评价等。     

附加速度先验信息的车载GPS/INS/Odometer组合导航算法

在GPS/INS车辆组合导航中,GPS信号易受外界干扰而失锁。针对INS单独导航误差迅速累积的问题,在利用速度先验信息辅助INS导航的基础上,加入Odometer观测信息,提高了系统的可观测性和导航精度;另外提出了改进的位置修正法,即不直接利用状态估值修正位置,而是用修正后的速度推算位置。实测算例结果表明,与INS单独导航相比较,采用速度先验信息,提高了载体速度精度,采用改进的位置修正方法,位置精度有大幅度提高;在此基础上加入Odometer观测信息,位置和速度精度得到进一步改善。     

GPS差分相对定位应用于航天器自主交会对接的研究

提出了一种适用于飞船交会对接的GPS差分相对定位导航方案。在远程导引段,采用坐标差分相对定位;在自动寻的段,采用双差载波相位平滑伪距技术;在接近和逼近段,采用双差载波相位浮点解相对定位,求得模糊度后,可采用双差载波相位整数解获得很高的定位精度。仿真试验证明,该方案切实可行。