A new approach to solar wind monitoring

The monitoring of solar wind parameters is a key problem of the space weather program. We are presenting a new solution of plasma parameter determination suitable for small and fast solar wind monitors. The first version will be launched during the SPECTR-R project into a highly elongated orbit with apogee ∼350,000 km. The method is based on simultaneous measurements of the total ion flux and ion integral energy spectrum by six identical Faraday cups. Three of them are dedicated to determination of the ion flow direction, the other three (equipped with control grids supplied by a retarding potential) are used for determination of the density, temperature, and speed of the plasma flow. The version under development is primarily designed for the measurements in the solar wind and tail magnetosheath, thus for velocities range from 270 to 750 km/s, temperatures from 1 to 30 eV, and densities up to 200 cm⁻³. However, the instrument design can be simply modified for measurements in other regions with a substantial portion of low-energy plasma as a subsolar magnetosheath, cusp or low-latitude boundary layer. Testing of the engineering model shows that the proposed method can provide reliable plasma parameters with a high time resolution (up to 8 Hz). The paper presents not only the method and its technical realization but it documents all advantages and peculiarities of the suggested approach.     

Proton lateral broadening distribution comparisons between GRNTRN,MCNPX, and laboratory beam measurements

Recent developments in NASA’s deterministic High charge (Z) and Energy TRaNsport (HZETRN) code have included lateral broadening of primary ion beams due to small-angle multiple Coulomb scattering, and coupling of the ion-nuclear scattering interactions with energy loss and straggling. This new version of HZETRN is based on Green function methods, called GRNTRN, and is suitable for modeling transport with both space environment and laboratory boundary conditions. Multiple scattering processes are a necessary extension to GRNTRN in order to accurately model ion beam experiments, to simulate the physical and biological-effective radiation dose, and to develop new methods and strategies for light-ion radiation therapy. In this paper we compare GRNTRN simulations of proton lateral broadening distributions with beam measurements taken at Loma Linda University Proton Therapy Facility. The simulated and measured lateral broadening distributions are compared for a 250 MeV proton beam on aluminum, polyethylene, polystyrene, bone substitute, iron, and lead target materials. The GRNTRN results are also compared to simulations from the Monte Carlo MCNPX code for the same projectile-target combinations described above.     

Development of a thin section device for space exploration: Overview and system performance estimates

In this paper we present a conceptual design of a spaceborne instrument for the in situ production of rock thin sections on planetary surfaces. The in situ Automated Rock Thin Section Instrument (IS-ARTS) conceptual design demonstrates that the in situ production of thin sections on a planetary body is a plausible new instrument capability for future planetary exploration. Thin section analysis would reduce much ambiguity in the geological history of a sampled site that is present with instruments currently flown. The technical challenge of producing a thin section device compatible with the spacecraft environment is formidable and has been thought too technically difficult to be practical. Terrestrial thin section preparation requires a skilled petrographist, several preparation instruments that individually exceed typical spacecraft mass and power limits, and consumable materials that are not easily compatible with spaceflight. In two companion papers we present research and development work used to constrain the capabilities of IS-ARTS in the technical space compatible with the spacecraft environment. For the design configuration shown we conclude that a device can be constructed that is capable of 50 sample preparations over a 2 year lifespan with mass, power, and volume constraints compatible with current landed Mars mission configurations. The technical requirements of IS-ARTS (mass, power and number of samples produced) depend strongly on the sample mechanical properties, sample processing rate, the sample size and number of samples to be produced.     

Development of a thin section device for space exploration: Rock cutting mechanism

We have developed a rock cutting mechanism for in situ planetary exploration based on abrasive diamond impregnated wire. Performance characteristics of the rock cutter, including cutting rate on several rock types, cutting surface lifetime, and cut rock surface finish are presented. The rock cutter was developed as part of a broader effort to develop an in situ automated rock thin section (IS-ARTS) instrument. The objective of IS-ARTS was to develop an instrument capable of producing petrographic rock thin sections on a planetary science spacecraft. The rock cutting mechanism may also be useful to other planetary science missions with in situ instruments in which sub-sampling and rock surface preparation are necessary.     

三维PDPA系统在Φ3.2m风洞中的实验研究

非接触测量的PDPA系统在Φ3.2m风洞中进行双三角翼速度场试验中 ,采用随测量点位置的移动而进行粒子投放。三维的光路布置则是采用安装在风洞外移测架的横梁上。实验结果表明 ,粒子投放的方法和光路布置及测量是合理的。同时指出 :粒子的投放应该在x/d >45处 ,从而解决了在大型低速风洞中的粒子投放和光路布置问题     

自适应两步滤波器及其在导弹被动制导中的应用

两步滤波器由Ｋａｌｍａｎ滤波器和Ｇａｕｓｓ－Ｎｅｗｔｏｎ迭代算法所构成，它适用于一类由线性动态模型和非线性测量模型所组成的非线性系统。本文将这种滤波器与时变测量噪声统计估值器相结合，得到一种自适应两步滤波器，在测量噪声统计特性无法验前已知的情况下，此滤波器仍然性能良好。最后，本文将自适应两步滤波器应用于导弹的被动制导问题，数字仿真结果证明了这种算法的有效性。     

作业成本法在我国企业的应用分析

通过分析作业成本法应用的生产条件，阐述了作业成本法作为成本计算方法和作业管理方法的运用范围，并对我国推广运用成本法，将企业从传统管理会计推向增值管理会计，提出了若干建议。     

A NOVEL INTEGRATED OPTICS MIORODISPLACEMENT SENSOR

ＡＮＯＶＥＬＩＮＴＥＧＲＡＴＥＤＯＰＴＩＣＳＭＩＯＲＯＤＩＳＰＬＡＣＥＭＥＮＴＳＥＮＳＯＲ￥ＷａｎｇＨｕｍａｎ（ＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｏｆＡｕｔｏｍａｔｉｃＣｏｎｔｒｏｌ，ＮＵＡＡ２９ＹｕｄａｏＳｔｒｅｅｔ，Ｎａｎｊｉｎｇ２１００１６，Ｐ．Ｒ．Ｃｈｉｎ...     

动态燃烧过程参数测量原理与系统

为了满足动态燃烧试验对燃烧过程中燃烧放热量、温度、压力多参数动态测量的要求，研制了一套燃烧动态测试系统。首先从理论上分析了碳氢燃料燃烧时的化学反应过程与物理现象，采用光电传感技术，实现了对动态燃烧过程放热量的非接触式测量；其次运用动态理论详细研究了热电偶的动态特性，完善了用双丝频谱补偿法测量动态温度的方法；最后选择了合理的动态压力的测量方案。同时介绍了该系统的结构及工作特点、系统的动态联调结果等。试验表明了测试该系统具有所测参数多、工作性能稳定、动态响应快等特点，可广泛应用于动态与稳态燃烧试验研究或工业过程监控测量中     

铸造凝固冷速对原位自生（TiW）C／Fe复合材料组织的影响

研究了不同的铸造凝固冷速对原位自生10vol%(TiW)C/Fe复合材料显微组织的影响。结果表明,在原位合成的10vol%(TiW)C/Fe复合材料中,(TiW)C相是唯一的第二相,均匀、弥散分布于基体中,其形态基本上呈块状,条状较少。在块状(TiW)C相中,Ti和W元素的分布是不均匀的,芯部富Ti,边缘富W。当冷速较快时,形成的第二相颗粒趋于等轴状,条状共晶组织消失,有利于基体耐磨性的提高;当冷速较慢时,第二相颗粒数量多,尺寸小,且随冷速的降低在该复合材料中形成了大量的共晶组织。适当提高冷却速度,有利于获得较理想的复合材料显微组织。