Development of a thin section device for space exploration: Overview and system performance estimates

In this paper we present a conceptual design of a spaceborne instrument for the in situ production of rock thin sections on planetary surfaces. The in situ Automated Rock Thin Section Instrument (IS-ARTS) conceptual design demonstrates that the in situ production of thin sections on a planetary body is a plausible new instrument capability for future planetary exploration. Thin section analysis would reduce much ambiguity in the geological history of a sampled site that is present with instruments currently flown. The technical challenge of producing a thin section device compatible with the spacecraft environment is formidable and has been thought too technically difficult to be practical. Terrestrial thin section preparation requires a skilled petrographist, several preparation instruments that individually exceed typical spacecraft mass and power limits, and consumable materials that are not easily compatible with spaceflight. In two companion papers we present research and development work used to constrain the capabilities of IS-ARTS in the technical space compatible with the spacecraft environment. For the design configuration shown we conclude that a device can be constructed that is capable of 50 sample preparations over a 2 year lifespan with mass, power, and volume constraints compatible with current landed Mars mission configurations. The technical requirements of IS-ARTS (mass, power and number of samples produced) depend strongly on the sample mechanical properties, sample processing rate, the sample size and number of samples to be produced.     

Development of a thin section device for space exploration: Rock cutting mechanism

We have developed a rock cutting mechanism for in situ planetary exploration based on abrasive diamond impregnated wire. Performance characteristics of the rock cutter, including cutting rate on several rock types, cutting surface lifetime, and cut rock surface finish are presented. The rock cutter was developed as part of a broader effort to develop an in situ automated rock thin section (IS-ARTS) instrument. The objective of IS-ARTS was to develop an instrument capable of producing petrographic rock thin sections on a planetary science spacecraft. The rock cutting mechanism may also be useful to other planetary science missions with in situ instruments in which sub-sampling and rock surface preparation are necessary.     

基于卡尔曼滤波器和遗传算法的航空发动机性能诊断

以某型涡扇发动机为研究对象,构建了基于卡尔曼滤波器和遗传算法的航空发动机性能诊断方法。卡尔曼滤波器根据发动机可测参数偏离额定特性时的变化量,对发动机性能参数进行了估计。当传感器存在测量偏差时,会使滤波器估计结果偏离真实情况。遗传算法以机载模型输出与发动机测量参数之间的误差最小为目标,通过优化计算,找出存在测量偏差的传感器,确定其偏差,并最终消除测量偏差对性能诊断的影响。     

作业成本法在我国企业的应用分析

通过分析作业成本法应用的生产条件，阐述了作业成本法作为成本计算方法和作业管理方法的运用范围，并对我国推广运用成本法，将企业从传统管理会计推向增值管理会计，提出了若干建议。     

铸造凝固冷速对原位自生（TiW）C／Fe复合材料组织的影响

研究了不同的铸造凝固冷速对原位自生10vol%(TiW)C/Fe复合材料显微组织的影响。结果表明,在原位合成的10vol%(TiW)C/Fe复合材料中,(TiW)C相是唯一的第二相,均匀、弥散分布于基体中,其形态基本上呈块状,条状较少。在块状(TiW)C相中,Ti和W元素的分布是不均匀的,芯部富Ti,边缘富W。当冷速较快时,形成的第二相颗粒趋于等轴状,条状共晶组织消失,有利于基体耐磨性的提高;当冷速较慢时,第二相颗粒数量多,尺寸小,且随冷速的降低在该复合材料中形成了大量的共晶组织。适当提高冷却速度,有利于获得较理想的复合材料显微组织。     

环氧类反应性低聚体对聚碳酸酯/热致液晶聚合物原位复合体系的增容改性研究

以少量环氧类低聚体作增容剂，考察了其对聚碳酸酯／半芳族热致液晶聚合物（PC／TLCPA1）体系的增容改性作用。DSC及SEM测试结果表明，少量增容剂的加入明显改善了原位复合体系的相容性。力学性能测定结果表明，当增容剂加入到含有20％LCAPA1的复合体系后，复合体系的拉伸强度和弯曲强度均有一定程度的提高。     

金属材料损伤分析中的物理冶金分析技术

综述了金属材料损伤分析中常用的五类物理冶金分析技术：组织结构分析技术;物理性能分析技术;化学成分分析技术;残余应力分析技术及原位分析技术。基于各类分析技术在金属材料损伤分析中的应用展开了详细讨论,并详细对比分析了各类分析技术在损伤分析应用中的优势和局限性,同时针对损伤分析过程中各类分析技术的选择和使用提出了基本的思路。     

基于特征值和特征向量的测量参数选择

研究了航空发动机气路故障诊断中测量参数如何选择的问题。利用发动机故障诊断矩阵,提出了基于特征值和特征向量比较不同测量参数选择系统之间优劣的简易快速算法,该算法可以从几何角度直观地展现整体解空间和解矢量的方向等变化情况。通过一个单轴涡喷发动机测量系统对比案例有效地表明:地面测试系统的最大与最小特征值比为33,机载系统的最大与最小特征值比为1008,在该单轴涡喷发动机气路故障诊断方面,地面测试系统比机载系统明显更有利于气路故障诊断。该算法可用于优化机载发动机测量传感器布局、台架测量系统中测量传感器布局,指导工程中测量参数的选择等。      

喷气发动机湍流燃烧场激光定量诊断技术研究进展

燃烧流场参数的定量测量是发动机研发不可或缺的重要组成部分,以煤油为燃料的喷气发动机内流场是高温、高压的强湍流复杂燃烧场.本文针对喷气发动机燃烧流场温度、速度、组分浓度等主要参数定量测量的需求,重点介绍本实验室研发的相干反斯托克斯拉曼散射(CARS)测温、OH示踪测速(HTV)、自发拉曼散射(SRS)测量组分浓度的实验系...     

燃烧与流场在线测量诊断方法研究进展

介绍了上海理工大学颗粒与两相流测量研究所近年来在燃烧和流场在线测量诊断技术方面的研究进展,包括：改进基于光纤光谱仪的火焰辐射温度测量技术,提高火焰温度的测量精度与范围并反演出火焰辐射率及液体燃料组分;辐射与吸收光谱相结合测量脉冲燃烧火焰温度和水蒸气浓度;基于激光诱导荧光法测量喷雾液滴温度;强烟尘水滴干扰条件下基于差分吸收光谱法（DOAS）测量排放污染气体（SO2和 NOx ）浓度;基于饱和蒸汽原理的光谱法研制汞连续排放监测标准系统;光谱法与图像法结合测量高温物体温度场;基于单帧单曝光图像法测量多相流速度场与粒度分布;基于可调谐半导体激光吸收光谱法（TDLAS）同步测量液态纯水水膜蒸发过程中液态参数（水膜厚度及温度）与气态参数（水膜上方水蒸气的温度）等。