新型GNSS信号波形设计

在发射带宽严格受限的约束下连续函数波形信号较传统矩形波形表现出了较高的频谱利用率优势和优良性能,很有可能应用到未来的全球卫星导航系统(GNSS,Global Navigation Satellite System)信号体制中.在建立导航信号波形设计准则的理论模型基础上,研究了7种可能适用于未来GNSS系统的新型信号波形,在典型的宽/窄发射带宽条件下,通过仿真评估了传统GNSS信号和新型GNSS信号的精度、抗多径、抗干扰等性能,优选出BOCc和MSK两种适用于不同环境的信号波形: 在频谱资源充足的情况下,BOCc信号具有最优的导航性能;在频率资源受限的情况下,MSK信号兼容性好,抗干扰能力强,拥有较好的导航性能.最后,结合两类信号波形的优缺点提出了我国新一代卫星导航系统信号波形设计的建议.     

复杂电磁环境量化分级研究综述

对复杂电磁环境进行分类分级研究是认识电磁环境的基础,建立一套对其准确描述的量化表征方法,对精确制导武器的研制、部队训练与演习等具有重要意义。分析了国内外对复杂电磁环境量化分级的研究现状,指出当前量化方法在指导实践中存在的问题,最后提出了基于干扰调制与干扰强度指标的量化表征方法。     

直升机目标的雷达特性分析

为了研究直升机目标的雷达特性,采用了理论分析、统计分析和性能指标体系分析的方法,对直升机与固定翼飞机、不同直升机之间目标的雷达特性进行了对比分析;建立了直升机的雷达特性统计模型,对统计特性结果进行了分析;采用性能指标体系分析的方法对旋翼调制特性进行了分析,得到了直升机目标的雷达特性影响因素和分布规律。其方法和结果可以作为直升机系统、防空武器系统和直升机靶标的设计参考。     

基于惯性系的双轴旋转式惯导系统转位方法

针对双轴旋转式惯导系统中不能自动补偿标度因数误差与地球自转耦合误差的问题,提出了一种改进的转位方法。该方法不增加转轴数目,通过补偿地球自转在转轴平面的投影抑制耦合误差项,计算结果表明该方法适用于激光陀螺惯导系统和光纤陀螺惯导系统。利用改进的转位方法对双轴旋转式惯导系统进行仿真,仿真结果验证了该方法的可行性。研究结果为双轴旋转式惯导系统的工程设计和改进提供了一定的理论支持。     

可重构自适应无线电引信干扰技术研究

根据无线电引信的工作特点,提出了可重构自适应无线电引信干扰技术。设计了自适应无线电引信干扰技术方案,分析了无线电引信信号调制识别技术。对该技术的应用前景进行了展望。     

Moderate geomagnetic storms of January 22–25, 2012 and their influences on the wave components in ionosphere and upper stratosphere-mesosphere regions

Moderate geomagnetic storms occurred during January 22–25, 2012 period. The geomagnetic storms are characterized by different indices and parameters. The SYM-H value on January 22 increased abruptly to 67 nT at sudden storm commencement (SSC), followed by a sharp decrease to −87 nT. A second SSC on January 24 followed by a shock on January 25 was also observed. These SSCs before the main storms and the short recovery periods imply the geomagnetic storms are CME  -driven. The sudden jump of solar wind dynamic pressure and IMF _Bz$B_z$ are also consistent with occurrence of CMEs. This is also reflected in the change in total electron content (TEC) during the storm relative to quiet days globally. The response of the ionospheric to geomagnetic storms can also be detected from wave components that account for the majority of TEC variance during the period. The dominant coherent modes of TEC variability are diurnal and semidiurnal signals which account upto 83% and 30% of the total TEC variance over fairly exclusive ionospheric regions respectively. Comparison of TEC anomalies attributed to diurnal (DW1) and semidiurnal (SW2) tides, as well as stationary planetary waves (SPW1) at 12 UTC shows enhancement in the positive anomalies following the storm. Moreover, the impact of the geomagnetic storms are distinctly marked in the daily time series of amplitudes of DW1, SW2 and SPW1. The abrupt changes in amplitudes of DW1 (5 TECU) and SW2 (2 TECU) are observed within 20°S–20°N latitude band and along 20°N respectively while that of SPW1 is about 3 TECU. Coherent oscillation with a period of 2.4 days between interplanetary magnetic field and TEC was detected during the storm. This oscillation is also detected in the amplitudes of DW1 over EIA regions in both hemispheres. Eventhough upward coupling of quasi two day wave (QTDWs) of the same periodicity, known to have caused such oscillation, are detected in both ionosphere and upper stratosphere, this one can likely be attributed to the geomagnetic storm as it happens after the storm commencement. Moreover, further analysis has indicated that QTDWs in the ionosphere are strengthened as a result of coherent oscillation of interplanetary magnetic field with the same frequency as QTDWs. On the otherhand, occurrences of minor SSW and geomagnetic storms in quick succession complicated clear demarcation of attribution of the respective events to variability of QTDWs amplitudes over upper stratosphere.     

宽带卫星通信信号的多维星座图解调方法

高速卫星数据传输需要利用较高调制维度和较多星座点数来实现,一方面导致接收端具有较大实现复杂度,另一方面系统可靠性极易受信道非线性影响。针对以上问题,通过对多维星座图信号的解调性能进行理论分析,得到极大后验概率（MAP）解调误符号率（SER）的理论公式,在保证系统SER性能的基础上,提出了基于星座图相关的检测方法。该方法利用脉冲正交性得到接收星座点,对其进行向量相关运算得到解调数据,有效降低了解调判决过程的复杂度。针对信号经过高功率放大器（HPA）后的非线性失真问题,建立了HPA信道估计模型,利用最小二乘（LS）信道估计方法对原解调星座图进行修正,提出了基于修正星座图的解调方法。仿真结果表明,该方法在降低实现复杂度的同时,有效提高了系统抗HPA信道非线性失真的能力,可实现对宽带高速卫星通信信号的高效准确解调。     

基于噪声乘积的伪码调相引信灵巧噪声干扰

伪码调相引信具有良好的抗干扰能力,是引信电子对抗的重点研究对象。根据噪声乘积调制的灵巧噪声干扰的产生机理,推导出当其作用于引信时伪码调相引信的输出信号的形式。说明基于噪声乘积的灵巧噪声干扰对伪码调相引信能形成欺骗性和压制性干扰的效果,并通过仿真实验验证了这一分析的正确性。基于噪声乘积的灵巧噪声干扰具有欺骗性和压制性干扰的双重效果,能够形成幅值随机的多假目标干扰,同时降低干扰机侦察设备的要求,针对不同的干扰对象,通过调整干扰参数,可以得到不同的干扰效果。     

行星齿轮箱耦合调制振动信号分离与故障诊断

针对故障状态下行星齿轮箱振动信号通常表现为稳态调制和冲击调制成分耦合问题,建立不同求解模型,提出耦合调制振动信号分离方法。应用稀疏全变分模型实现冲击调制成分分离,采用改进的非对称惩罚函数,根据峭度系数与方均根系数指标构建正则化参数优选策略,采用受控极小化(majorization-minimization, MM)方法进行模型求解;采用基追踪实现稳态调制成分分离。试验结果分析表明:该方法在噪声D为0.15的信号中能快速分离出微弱冲击调制成分,算法迭代次数少、收敛效果好。      

改进的参考电压矢量获取方法

针对基于空间矢量调制的永磁同步电机直接转矩控制方法中,参考电压矢量获取涉及电机参数,而电机参数的变化又导致预测结果不可靠的问题,提出了一种不依赖电机参数的参考电压矢量获取方法。通过对转矩误差以及定子磁链幅值误差进行PI控制,对其输出量分别分配一定的权重,用其绝对值的加权,作为参考电压矢量幅值的控制量,用其比值作为确定参考电压矢量相对于定子磁链矢量角度偏差的依据。仿真结果表明,该方法能很好克服电机参数变化造成的影响,从而试验验证了该方法的有效性。