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173.
《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2023,71(1):1165-1178
Polygonal Impact Craters (PICs), having a distinct polygonal rim geometry, are common on terrestrial planets, their natural satellites such as Earth’s Moon and the asteroids. The straight segments of PIC-rims are arguably subparallel or oblique to existing fracture/fault planes in their vicinity, and such pre-existing structural weak planes are considered responsible for the shape of the PICs. The Mare Fecunditatis, a lunar maria, preserves mappable PICs as well as different geomorphic features like wrinkle ridges, grabens and pit crater chains which owe their origin to either compressional or extensional faulting. To understand the structural control, if any, on the PIC-rim geometry in Mare Fecunditatis, PICs, both simple and complex, and the deformational features are mapped, superposition relations between them are observed and trends are compared. The comparison between frequency of rim segment trends of the two types of PICs with wrinkle ridges, grabens and pit crater chains, and also statistical correlation between them, interestingly indicate that the wrinkle ridges and grabens are found to have negligible or no influence on the rim geometry of the PICs. Wrinkle ridges, known to be a group of the Mare Fecunditatis' oldest deformation features, are older than most of the preserved craters and are likely to have had control over the PIC shape. However, lack of correlation between the trends of wrinkle ridges and PIC rims indicates that most of the craters were formed after the fractures beneath the old wrinkle ridges ceased to act as mechanical discontinuity planes due to possible induration caused by fracture-filling through concomitant and later magma injection. The PICs dispersed throughout the maria could have avoided the influence of the grabens, the majority of which are located near the margin of the maria. Pit crater chains with possible deep roots and still/recently continued dike activities, were the only available weak planes which could influence the PIC rim shapes. 相似文献
174.
针对考虑视场(FOV)约束和落角约束的高超声速飞行器高精度打击问题,提出一种基于自适应动态规划(ADP)的新型制导控制一体化(IGC)策略。首先设计一种融合视场角与落角约束的视场角指令,在视场角精确跟踪的同时实现精确命中并满足两种约束,从而将约束问题转化为跟踪问题;然后,借助干扰观测技术估计制导控制一体化模型中不确定性并引入到性能指标设计中,又同时将视场角约束与落角约束考虑进去,设计基于自适应动态规划的制导控制一体化方法。利用ADP的强化学习思想求解出最优控制策略,既保证高超声速飞行器的精准打击,又满足视场角约束与落角约束,而且兼顾了对不确定性的鲁棒性。仿真结果验证了本文所提方法的有效性与优势。 相似文献
175.
为提高导弹在攻击角度约束下对目标的打击效能,提出了一种基于深度确定性策略梯度算法的分布式强化学习制导策略。为了最大限度地减小攻击角度误差,设计了一种新的奖励函数,使导弹在满足视场角约束的同时,视线角向期望值收敛。此外,为了增强强化学习模型的泛化能力,提出了一种分布式探索策略,提高了模型训练过程中对环境的探索效率。仿真结果验证了所提出的分布式强化学习制导方法能够在固定攻击角度约束下实现对目标的精准打击。与传统制导律相比,所提制导方法的攻击角度误差更小,收敛速度更快。 相似文献
176.
《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2023,71(3):1827-1839
Modern techniques for planetary defense from comets and asteroids involve the deflection of the bolide via kinetic, gravitational, ablative, or radiative means. While potentially effective, none of these methods are capable of operating in a terminal interdiction mode wherethe threat is discovered with little time prior to impact. We present a practical and effective method for planetary defense which enables extremely short interdiction time scales, but can also operate within longer time scales and can be effective for extremely large threats. Called PI (“Pulverize It”), the method makes use of an array of hypervelocity penetrators which uses the kinetic energy of the asteroid or comet to disrupt it. In the terminal interdiction mode, the fragments of maximum m diameter disperse laterally as they continue towards the Earth, and then enter the Earth’s atmosphere where they burn up as a series of airburst events which spatially and temporally de-correlate the energy of the original parent bolide for any arbitrary observer on the ground in the form of acoustical shockwaves and optical pulses. We show that terminal interdiction modes ranging from 2 minutes prior to impact for 20-meter class bolides (such as the Chelyabinsk asteroid), 1 day prior to impact for 100 m-class asteroids, 10 days prior to impact for Apophis-class asteroids ( m), and even 60 days prior to impact for 1 km-class threats are all possible, though longer warning times are always preferred. Using only technologies readily available today, the PI method allows for a cost-effective and practical roadmap towards robust planetary defense capability. 相似文献
177.
178.
《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2023,71(2):1281-1286
Stark broadening parameters are useful in solving various problems e.g., in astrophysics, opacity calculations, design of lasers, laser-produced plasma and for the evaluation of the physical conditions in stellar atmospheres. Our objectives in this research work are to obtain, for electron collisions, new atomic data for Stark broadening of astrophysically important S II lines using semi-classical perturbation (SCP) and modified semi-empirical (MSE) theory with the needed energy levels and oscillator strengths from NIST database. After calculating the Stark broadening data, we compared them with experimental and theoretical data. 相似文献
179.
《中国航空学报》2023,36(3):146-160
The ice impact can cause a severe damage to an aircraft’s exposed structure, thus, requiring its prevention. The numerical simulation represents an effective method to overcome this challenge. The establishment of the ice material model is critical. However, ice is not a common structural material and exhibits an extremely complex material behavior. The material models of ice reported so far are not able to accurately simulate the ice behavior at high strain rates. This study proposes a novel high-precision macro-phenomenological elastic fracture model based on the brittle behavior of ice at high strain rates. The developed model has been compared with five reported models by using the smoothed particle hydrodynamics method so as to simulate the ice-impact process with respect to the impact speeds and ice shapes. The important metrics and phenomena (impact force history, deformation and fragmentation of the ice projectile and deflection of the target) were compared with the experimental data reported in the literature. The findings obtained from the developed model are observed to be most consistent with the experimental data, which demonstrates that the model represents the basic physics and phenomena governing the ice impact at high strain rates. The developed model includes a relatively fewer number of material parameters. Further, the used parameters have a clear physical meaning and can be directly obtained through experiments. Moreover, no adjustment of any material parameter is needed, and the consumption duration is also acceptable. These advantages indicate that the developed model is suitable for simulating the ice-impact process and can be applied for the anti-ice impact design in aviation. 相似文献
180.
Raindrop impact erosion has been observed since early days of aviation, and can be catastrophic for exposed materials during supersonic flight. A single impact waterjet apparatus is established for mimicking drop impacts at the velocities between 350 m/s and 620 m/s. Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer(CFRP) laminates with three different surface morphologies and specimen thicknesses are tested here. A central region with no visible damage has been noticed, surrounded by a “failure ring” with common... 相似文献