基于衍射图像的大型光学镜面在位检测

介绍了相位恢复测量系统的软硬件实现原理。构建了由CCD移动平台等硬件装置和基于GS迭代算法的软件程序组成的实验平台。并对一面口径500mm的球面反射镜进行了在位加工环境下的测量实验。测试结果与干涉测量相比较表明测量数据准确,精度满足光学镜面研抛加工要求。     

基于调频连续波信号的双基地ISAR成像研究

在将调频连续波(FMCW)信号应用于双基地ISAR的成像过程中,针对应用FMCW信号在回波信号中产生距离快时间和方位慢时间耦合项的问题,提出了应用离散多项式相位变换的方法进行组合参量估计,通过估计出的组合参量构造补偿函数对回波信号进行相位补偿,消除了一次耦合项产生的固定频偏和二次耦合项引起的主瓣展宽,对补偿后的回波信号应用距离多普勒算法可获得清晰的目标二维像,通过仿真表明：所述的补偿算法能有效改善应用FMCW信号而产生的目标像散焦现象,获得聚焦良好的点目标像。     

多基站ISAR多运动目标成像与横向定标研究

在多基站ISAR多运动目标回波模型的基础上,采用时间-调频斜率分布估计各基站多个目标的信号参数,基于CLEAN算法实现了各基站多个目标的信号分离。利用多个基站获得的目标的信号参数和多个ISAR图像,估计目标的运动参数,实现多个目标的横向尺度标定,同时给出了多基站ISAR多目标成像和横向定标的约束条件。仿真实验验证了多基站ISAR多目标成像和横向定标算法。

     

细缝裁减和非均匀映射结合的图像自适应方法

采用将细缝裁减和非均匀映射相结合的图像尺寸自适应框架,提出了一种基于内容的图像重要信息变形的度量方法.首先提取原始图像的重要性像素点,利用细缝裁减去掉一条像素细缝后,相应的重要性像素点会被更新.对于图像中保留的重要性像素点,计算它们的子图像平均偏差(ADSI,Average Difference of Sub Images);对于被移除的重要性像素点,计算它们的平均丢失能量(ALE,Average Lost Energy).通过ADSI和ALE可计算出重要信息变形的度量函数(IIDF,Important Information Deformation Function)的值,通过分析IIDF的趋势得到细缝裁减的终止条件,然后改用非均匀映射方法(non-homogeneous warping)将图像自适应到目标尺寸.实验结果证明,新方法处理的结果图像重要区域变形较小,并且计算效率比较高.     

Spiral eddies in the Baltic,Black and Caspian seas as seen by satellite radar data

Despite spiral eddies were first seen on the sea surface more than 40 years ago, there is still a lot of uncertainty concerning these eddies. The present paper is aimed to provide the comprehensive results on the occurrence and statistics of small-scale eddies in the three inner seas (the Baltic, Black and Caspian) using satellite synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images. The dataset used includes over 2000 medium resolution Envisat ASAR and ERS-2 SAR images obtained in 2009–2010 in the different parts of the seas mentioned. As a result of the analysis performed ∼14,000 vortical structures were detected. 71% of them were visualized due to surfactant films (“black” eddies), while 29% due to wave/current interactions (“white” eddies). Practically all the eddies detected were cyclonically rotating. Their diameter was within 1–20 km. Characteristic size of the “black” eddies in all the basins was discovered to be less than that of the “white” eddies. Characteristic eddy size for the Baltic, Black and Caspian seas proved to be strictly proportional to the values of the baroclinic Rossby radius of deformation typical for these basins. The “black” eddies did not demonstrate a significant connection with the basin- and meso-scale surface circulation of the seas. Most of the “white” eddies detected were attributed to the zones with the most intense drift currents, i.e. those along the western boundaries and (in the Baltic Sea only) in the elongated parts of the basin.     

Relationships between soil properties of the abandoned fields and spectral data derived from the advanced spaceborne thermal emission and reflection radiometer (ASTER)

The structural transformation of Polish agriculture after 1989 has been leading to significant changes in land use. As a result a large part of formerly ploughed fields lies abandoned and they occur across considerable variability in soil typological units. Accurate information about soil conditions within the abandoned fields facilitates proper management in the new socio-economic situation. Such information can be collected using satellite images since the structure and condition of the vegetation growing on the abandoned fields reflects soil properties. The objective of this study is to evaluate the relationships between physical and chemical attributes of soil within the abandoned fields and spectral reflectance patterns recorded by ASTER sensors onboard Terra Satellite. Soil samples were collected at five abandoned fields which have not been ploughed since 2000 and analyzed in the laboratory to determine their physical and chemical properties. Nine ASTER nearly cloud-free pictures were used for this study in order to derive the remote-sensing attributes of the abandoned fields. In order to evaluate the relationships between soil fertility and remotely sensed data, partial least-squares (PLS) and a multiple linear regression (MLR) analysis between these two datasets were carried out. In the regression analysis, only soil TEB (total exchangeable bases) stock in the whole profile displayed the highest correlation with remotely sensed data acquired in April and May and the best predictors were NDVI and LSWI vegetation indices.     

进动锥体目标散射特性仿真及实验分析

目标微动及结构参数的获取有助于弹道目标的识别。准确获得进动锥体目标散射特性的时频分布(TFD)、一维距离像及二维逆合成孔径雷达(ISAR)像分布是获取锥体目标微动及结构参数的关键。分析了进动锥体在窄带及宽带条件下的目标散射特性,总结了锥体目标强散射源在时频分布、距离像序列和ISAR像序列中的理论表现形式,并分析了存在锥面镜面散射时锥体目标散射特性,构建了进动锥体目标电磁回波仿真方法及微波暗室动态测试系统,通过仿真及测试数据得到了典型条件下锥体目标的散射特性,对比表明仿真及测试结果均与本文散射特性理论分布相一致,说明了本文所提散射特性理论分布与散射特性分析方法的正确性,可为分析弹道目标散射特性研究提供参考。      

基于CT的泡沫铝三维细观模型重建及应用

为了建立更加真实的闭孔泡沫铝三维细观分析模型,提出了一种基于计算机层析成像（CT）的有限元模型构建新方法。首先,对CT扫描得到的泡沫铝试件的扫描图像进行Otsu算法分析,确定了区分基体材料和空气的灰度最佳阈值。其次,基于映射网格思想直接从扫描图像生成了试件的有限元分析模型,实现了泡沫金属三维细观分析模型的重建。最后,以此为基础进行了泡沫铝试件准静态压缩和动态冲击试验的数值模拟,结果表明,准静态压缩下泡沫铝的内部变形随机分布于整个试件,且与其三维结构密切相关;而动态冲击下变形在冲击端附近首先发生,体现出显著的局部化效应。本文方法能真实地描述泡沫金属内部的细观结构,实现了对泡沫铝试件在准静态压缩和动态冲击作用下的受力、变形与破坏过程更加详细的模拟分析。      

基于稀疏分解的空间目标双基地ISAR自聚焦算法

空间目标双基地逆合成孔径雷达（ISAR）成像中,双基地角时变会造成二维图像的散焦。针对此问题,在三大同步理想可实现的条件下,以平稳空间目标为研究对象,分析了空间目标双基地ISAR成像原理,研究了双基地角时变对二维图像散焦的影响机理,提出了利用稀疏分解实现高精度自聚焦的算法。首先,将半双基地角的余弦进行泰勒展开;其次,结合目标的平动及转动条件,将成像相位项用多项式建模;然后,利用稀疏分解算法估计多项式的二次项系数,据此构建补偿项完成相位补偿。算法利用L-曲线准则选取正则参数,基于目标尺寸的先验信息构建冗余基的高分辨因子,利用推广的正则化欠定系统聚焦求解（FOCUSS）算法实现稀疏表示系数的估计,在恰当选取词典分辨率的条件下,算法可实现二次相位项的精确补偿,仿真实验验证了算法性能优于常用的非参数化自聚焦算法。