弹载数字图像处理计算机系统的设计与实现

介绍了红外成像导引系统数字图像处理计算机的硬件设计.它采用了TI公司最新推出的C64xTM系列新一代数字图像信号处理器-TMS320C6414和Xilinx公司超大规模现场可编程逻辑器件Virtex-Ⅱ系列的XC2V2000,实现一个高性能的弹载数字图像处理硬件平台,在红外焦平面成像导引系统中具有较高的实用价值和广泛的应用前景.     

基于快速均值漂移和水平集方法的图像分割技术

通过加强边缘检测函数的约束作用,对L i提出的无需重新初始化的水平集方法进行了改进,用于提高水平集方法对弱边缘与低对比度图像的分割处理性能。同时,利用快速均值漂移法对图像进行预分割,将得到的轮廓作为水平集方法的初始轮廓,从而降低水平集函数的迭代次数。脑部M R图像的分割实验结果表明,该算法能够准确地提取相应的脑组织,同时大大地提高水平集函数的演化速度。     

基于双边截断的双参数海上风电站 SAR图像 CFAR检测

文章提出了 1种基于双边截断的双参数海上风电站 SAR图像 CFAR检测器 DTCS-TPCFAR,目的是提高在具有多个目标海上区域和石油泄漏区域等环境下对海上风电站的检测性能。DTCS-TPCFAR所提出的双边截断杂波的方法,能够同时消除高强度和低强度异常值的干扰,同时保留真实的杂波样本。通过使用最大似然估计计算双边截断后样本的均值和标准差,然后通过这 2个参数估计值计算出截断阈值,最后再结合指定的虚警率(Probability of False Alarm,PFA)来对测试单元(Test Cell,TC)进行判断,完成最终的目标检测。这也是首次将 CFAR检测器用于检测海上风电站。文章通过 Sentinel-1数据集来验证该方法的有效性。实验结果表明,文章所提出的算法在相同指定虚警率下,具有更高的检测率(Detection Rate,DR)和更低的误报率(False Alarm Rate,FAR)。     

月球主要构造特征：嫦娥一号月球影像初步研究

月球在31亿年前已基本停止地质活动,从而保留了其形成初期的信息．这些信息对于认识月球、地球乃至太阳系的形成演化具有重要意义．在已有研究成果的基础上,结合嫦娥一号探月卫星CCD影像数据,从月海穹窿、撞击坑、月岭、断裂、月坑链、月溪及月谷等方面介绍了月球主要构造形式的地质特征、形貌特征及遥感影像特征,对其成因以及所隐含的地质意义进行了分析．结果表明,嫦娥一号CCD影像信息丰富,影像清晰,利用其CCD影像数据进一步研究月球的构造现象是可行的．     

基于规则的航空发动机孔探图像诊断方法研究

针对军用航空发动机内部损伤频率高、诊断决策时间长的问题,运用基于规则的推理方法,结合案例推理,进行了航空发动机内部损伤维修决策的专家诊断研究,开发了基于孔探图像的航空发动机内部损伤维修决策专家系统。依据领域专家的经验,通过分析得到了对该型发动机的专家知识,并将其转换为if-then的知识规则存放于知识库中;利用图像处理方法,对损伤进行测量,得到损伤的尺寸参数;根据损伤尺寸,依据相应的知识规则,应用正向推理得到损伤的维修决策。运用多个航空发动机内部损伤实例验证了所开发的专家系统的有效性。     

3D information from 2D images recorded in the European Modular Cultivation System on the ISS

The European Modular Cultivation System (EMCS) on the ISS allows long-term biological experiments, e.g. on plants. Video cameras provide near real-time 2D images from these experiments. A method to obtain 3D coordinates and stereoscopic images from these 2D images has been developed and is described in this paper. The procedure was developed to enhance the data output of the MULTIGEN-1 experiment in 2007. One of the main objectives of the experiment was to study growth movements of the Arabidopsis plants and the effect of gravity on these. 3D data were important during parts of the experiment and the paper presents the method developed to acquire 3D data, the accuracy of the data, limitations to the technique and ways to improve the accuracy. Sequences of 3D data obtained from the MULTIGEN-1 experiment are used to illustrate the potential of this newfound capability of the EMCS. In the experiment setup, a positional depth accuracy of about ±0.4 mm for relative object distances and an absolute depth accuracy of about ±1.4 mm for time dependent phenomena was reached. The ability to both view biological specimens in 3D as well as obtaining quantitative 3D data added greatly to the scientific output of the MULTIGEN-1 experiment. The uses of the technique to other researchers and their experiments are discussed.     

Effects of lighting and air movement on temperatures in reproductive organs of plants in a closed plant growth facility

Temperature increases in plant reproductive organs such as anthers and stigmas could cause fertility impediments and thus produce sterile seeds under artificial lighting conditions without adequately controlled environments in closed plant growth facilities. There is a possibility such a situation could occur in Bioregenerative Life Support Systems under microgravity conditions in space because there will be little natural convective or thermal mixing. This study was conducted to determine the temperature of the plant reproductive organs as affected by illumination and air movement under normal gravitational forces on the earth and to make an estimation of the temperature increase in reproductive organs in closed plant growth facilities under microgravity in space. Thermal images of reproductive organs of rice and strawberry were captured using infrared thermography at air temperatures of 10–11 °C. Compared to the air temperature, temperatures of petals, stigmas and anthers of strawberry increased by 24, 22 and 14 °C, respectively, after 5 min of lighting at an irradiance of 160 W m⁻² from incandescent lamps. Temperatures of reproductive organs and leaves of strawberry were significantly higher than those of rice. The temperatures of petals, stigmas, anthers and leaves of strawberry decreased by 13, 12, 13 and 14 °C, respectively, when the air velocity was increased from 0.1 to 1.0 ms⁻¹. These results show that air movement is necessary to reduce the temperatures of plant reproductive organs in plant growth facilities.     

Extragalactic observations and future missions

We briefly review some questions of extragalactic astrophysics and cosmology that would most benefit from future missions outside the Earth's atmosphere in the IR and submillimeter. These include the formation and early evolution phases in galaxies and the probably related question of quasar formation; the observation of Active Galactic Nuclei embedded in thick dusty structures (torii) and its impact on the still debated unified model of AGN activity; the observability of radiation processes occurring at very highz through background measurements; the investigation of the large scale structure and velocity field in the distant universe; and studies of the interstellar medium in galaxies. Some more emphasis is given on the galaxy formation problem, because we believe that IR-mm sensitive observations will be crucial to its final solution.     

基于衍射图像的大型光学镜面在位检测

介绍了相位恢复测量系统的软硬件实现原理。构建了由CCD移动平台等硬件装置和基于GS迭代算法的软件程序组成的实验平台。并对一面口径500mm的球面反射镜进行了在位加工环境下的测量实验。测试结果与干涉测量相比较表明测量数据准确,精度满足光学镜面研抛加工要求。     

机载前视式风切变探测,告警系统的发展

较详细地介绍了红外辐射计式、微波多普勒和激光多普勒风切变探测，告警系统的研制发展现状及存在的问题，通过研究给出了一些结论：（１）红外辐射、微波和激光多普勒雷达系统可以用来探测低空风切变，并提供告警时间；（２）红外辐射系统可测量垂直风风速，而微波，激光多普勒协达系统可测量水平风风速，但不论那一种探测系统都无法同时测量水平风和垂直风风速；（３）地杂波是造成微波系统误警的主要因素之一；（４）激波系统对降