水剂清洗系统的探讨

论述了建立“水剂清洗系统”是我国解决机械清洗的基本技术路线。着重介绍了清洗工艺、设备、槽液、废水处理和管理等问题之间的相互关系及解决办法。     

紫外光与自然光联合光催化处理UDMH废水

提出在光催化剂TiO2 存在下添加Cu2 、H2 O2 作为复合催化剂 ,用紫外光 (UV)作为激发光源 ,然后辅助自然光 (S)催化降解偏二甲肼 (UDMH)废水 ,1 5 0 0mg/L的UDMH经 0 .5h的紫外光激发照射后 ,再经 7天自然光催化降解 ,降解率达 99.9%。该方法既节省了能源 ,与自然降解法相比 ,又大大缩短了废水处理周期 ,因此 ,是一种经济有效、简单可行的UDMH废水处理方法     

载人航天器人-机界面宜人设计方法的研究

根据载人航天器人－机界面宜人设计的必要性，详细论述了人－机界面的发展趋势和未来的研究方向，在此基础上，提出宜人设计的具体措施，最后，形成几点看法以供讨论。     

Humans to Mars: a feasibility and cost-benefit analysis

Mars is a compelling astrobiological target, and a human mission would provide an opportunity to collect immense amounts of scientific data. Exploration alone, however, cannot justify the increased risk. Instead, three factors drive a human mission: economics, education, and exploration. A human mission has a unique potential to inspire the next generation of young people to enter critically needed science and engineering disciplines. A mission is economically feasible, and the research and development program put in place for a human mission would propel growth in related high-technology industries. The main hurdles are human physiological responses to 1–2 years of radiation and microgravity exposure. However, enabling technologies are sufficiently mature in these areas that they can be developed within a few decade timescale. Hence, the decision of whether or not to undertake a human mission to Mars is a political decision, and thus, educational and economic benefits are the crucial factors.     

河南旅游资源可持续利用探讨

旅游资源可持续利用是旅游业可持续发展的核心问题。河南旅游资源丰富多样,影响力强,然而,伴随着旅游业的蓬勃发展,旅游资源面临的压力和威胁越来越大。循环经济是在当代资源环境问题日益严重的情况下出现的一种全新的经济发展理念,与旅游业可持续发展存在着天然的耦合关系。文章以循环经济理论原则为指导,针对河南省旅游资源开发利用中出现的问题,提出了循环经济下旅游资源可持续利用的对策和建议。     

飞机的回收与循环再利用

就日益增多的废旧飞机回收问题,详细介绍了飞机机队再利用协会(AFRA)的作用,以及空中客车公司的飞机使用寿命终结高级管理流程(PAMELA)项目的情况。     

Cooperation and dialogical modeling for designing a safe Human space exploration mission to Mars

This paper proposes an approach for a complex and innovative project requiring international contributions from different communities of knowledge and expertise. Designing a safe and reliable architecture for a manned mission to Mars or the Asteroids necessitates strong cooperation during the early stages of design to prevent and reduce risks for the astronauts at each step of the mission. The stake during design is to deal with the contradictions, antagonisms and paradoxes of the involved partners for the definition and modeling of a shared project of reference. As we see in our research which analyses the cognitive and social aspects of technological risks in major accidents, in such a project, the complexity of the global organization (during design and use) and the integration of a wide and varie d range of sciences and innovative technologies is likely to increase systemic risks as follows: human and cultural mistakes, potential defaults, failures and accidents. We identify as the main danger antiquated centralized models of organization and the operational limits of interdisciplinarity in the sciences. Beyond this, we can see that we need to take carefully into account human cooperation and the quality of relations between heterogeneous partners. Designing an open, self-learning and reliable exploration system able to self-adapt in dangerous and unforeseen situations implies a collective networked intelligence led by a safe process that organizes interaction between the actors and the aims of the project. Our work, supported by the CNES (French Space Agency), proposes an innovative approach to the coordination of a complex project.     

The perfect boring situation—Addressing the experience of monotony during crewed deep space missions through habitability design

In contemporary orbital missions, workloads are so high and varied that crew may rarely experience stretches of monotony. However, in historical long duration missions, occurrences of monotony were, indeed, reported anecdotally by crew. Of the effective countermeasures that appear to be at hand, many rely on visual or logistical proximity to the Earth, and are not feasible in the remote context of an extended deep space mission scenario. There, particularly in- and outbound cruising stages would be characterised by longer, comparably uneventful periods of low workload, coupled with confinement and unchanging vehicle surroundings.     

Redefining safety in commercial space: Understanding debates over the safety of private human spaceflight initiatives in the United States

In 2009 President Obama proposed a budget for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) that canceled the Constellation program and included the development of commercial crew transportation systems into low Earth orbit. This significant move to shift human spaceflight into the private sector sparked political debate, but much of the discourse has focused on impacts to “safety.” Although no one disputes the importance of keeping astronauts safe, strategies for defining safety reveal contrasting visions for the space program and opposing values regarding the privatization of U.S. space exploration. In other words, the debate over commercial control has largely become encoded in arguments over safety. Specifically, proponents of using commercial options for transporting astronauts to the International Space Station (ISS) argue that commercial vehicles would be safe for astronauts, while proponents of NASA control argue that commercial vehicles would be unsafe, or at least not as safe as NASA vehicles. The cost of the spaceflight program, the technical requirements for designing a vehicle, the track record of the launch vehicle, and the experience of the launch provider are all incorporated into what defines safety in human spaceflight. This paper analyzes these contested criteria through conceptual lenses provided by fields of science and technology policy (STP) and science, technology, and society (STS). We ultimately contend that these differences in definition result not merely from ambiguous understandings of safety, but from intentional and strategic choices guided by normative positions on the commercialization of human spaceflight. The debate over safety is better considered a proxy debate for the partisan preferences embedded within the dispute over public or private spaceflight.     

肼推进剂废气处理系统设计

为吸收某型号发动机地面试验尾气中所含的肼和氨气,设计了肼推进剂废气处理系统,处理后的气体达到可排入大气的标准。文章介绍了肼分解废气处理的7种常用方法,经比较选择使用处理液喷淋的方法。废气处理系统实际达到的技术参数为:对空自运行流量944 Nm~3/h;发动机试车状态下经过处理的废气中肼含量0.001 2 mg/m~3,氨含量为0.032 6~0.057 mg/m~3(厂界值,共检测4点)。检测结果大大优于国家相关标准要求。经过数十次发动机地面试验的实践证明,系统能够满足用户使用要求,并且操作简便、运行可靠、免于维护。