航空发动机主轴承使用状态寿命预测模型

在滚动轴承寿命预测模型分析的基础上,提出了航空发动机主轴承状态寿命的概念,即把主轴承的使用寿命周期划分为状态良好、初步损伤、故障发展和即将失效4个寿命阶段;建立了1种利用机载传感器信息(转速、振动和飞行器机动),来确定航空发动机主轴承使用状态寿命的模型,该模型把状态监控数据和基于理论模型分析计算的方法相结合,为评估主轴承的寿命状态提供了1种新的方法.     

概率有限状态机在动态效能评估中的应用

为了反映作战过程中实时战场变化对武器作战效能的影响，本文对武器作战动态效能评估(DEE)方法进行研究，提出一种基于概率有限状态机(PFSM)的动态效能评估方法。利用该方法对武器作战过程进行动态效能评估的同时，能够快速准确地分析影响武器作战效能的关键因素，为作战方案决策及武器研发提供依据。该方法考虑了武器装备、战场环境、作战方案及作战目标这四个战场信息空间对武器效能的影响，能够根据实时战场信息输出动态效能变化曲线。本文以反舰导弹为例，对其进行动态效能评估，结果表明,本文所提出的方法能够动态评估不同战场信息对效能的影响，并快速找到影响其效能的关键因素，从而为作战方案优化提供参考。     

Acceleration tracking control for a spinning glide guided projectile with multiple disturbances

A novel acceleration tracking controller is proposed in this paper, for a Spinning Glide Guided Projectile (SGGP) subject to cross-coupling dynamics, external disturbances, and parametric uncertainties. The cross-coupled dynamics for the SGGP are formulated with mismatched and matched uncertainties, and then divided into acceleration and angular rate subsystems via the hierarchical principle. By exploiting the structural property of the SGGP, model-assisted Extended State Observers (ESOs) are designed to estimate online the lumped disturbances in the acceleration and angular rate dynamics. To achieve a rapid response and a strong robustness, integral sliding mode control laws and sigmoid-function-based tracking differentiators are integrated into the ESO-based Trajectory Linearization Control (TLC) framework. It is proven that the acceleration tracking controller can guarantee the ultimate boundedness of the signals in the closed-loop system and make the tracking errors arbitrarily small. The superiority and effectiveness of the proposed control scheme in its decoupling ability, accurate acceleration tracking performance and anti-disturbance capability are validated through comparisons and extensive simulations.     

Improved robust Kalman filter for state model errors in GNSS-PPP/MEMS-IMU double state integrated navigation

The integration of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) with Inertial Navigation Systems (INS) has been actively researched and widely applied as it can provide reliable positioning information continuously. In recent years, Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS) technology achieves rapid development and Micro Electro Mechanical Systems and Inertial Measurement Unit (MEMS-IMU) has aroused wide concern due to its excellent properties in some cases. However, the observations from MEMS-IMU are easy to be influenced by motion state and location environment because of its manufacturing process. It is not easy to judge whether gross errors are in the state model or the observation model by the widely adopted robust filter based on innovation. In this contribution, we present an improved robust filter with a double state model on the basis of the chi-square distribution of the square of the Mahalanobis distance. The vehicle motion model acts as the external constraint information and can be adopted to construct robust statistic with the results from INS mechanization. And then a robust factor was determined to adjust the observation noise covariance matrix. To evaluate the performance of this method, the simulation test and the field test based on locomotive platform of Nottingham Geospatial Institute (NGI) were carried out. According to the results, in the simulation test, the position improvements are 33%, 30% in the north and east directions; in the real test, the loosely and tightly coupled was adopted and the position accuracy can be improved by about 50–60% in the horizontal direction and the improvement of the pitch and the roll accuracy was lower than the azimuth accuracy due to poor observability and experimental scene which is of the characteristics of small elevation change. Therefore, the proposed robust filter could diminish the effect of the gross error from MEMS-IMU and enhance the integrated system.     

基于通道校准和HMM的机载雷达健康状态评估

性能退化与间歇故障是机载雷达健康状态的重要反映。针对传统机载雷达健康评估方法缺乏整机级的监测指标、未能综合考虑性能退化和间歇故障，传统BIT电路难以监测间歇故障等工程难题，提出了基于通道校准链路，综合运用通道校准仿真技术、正态云、HMM建立起健康状态评估流程。首先，对通道误差与间歇故障进行分析，得到4类校正系数，建立误差与间歇故障注入仿真流程；然后，基于正态云，利用校正系数的样本方差来表征雷达系统的健康状态，提出统一健康模型，并给出HMM拓扑结构与参数设计方法；最后，建立起基于数据驱动的评估流程并开展应用研究。仿真实验验证了误差和间歇故障仿真流程的可行性、健康状态评估方法的有效性，可获得大于95%的评估准确率；应用案例表明所提方法可行，能解决工程上机载雷达健康状态评估的问题。     

基于多项式级数法的线性时变系统的结构分析

采用多项式级数变换法对时变线性系统的结构性质,主要是能观性、能控性进行了初步研究。对于多项式展开后得到的近似系统－ｍ级数值模型,给出了相应的不能观、能观、能控的定义及状态转移系数阵的概念;并且得到了在这种定义下,近似系统在某点的可观性、可控性和原时变系统在这点可观性、可控性之间的关系,从而说明进一步运用多项式展开后的系数阵来判别原时变线性系统的能观性、能控性以及其它结构性质的研究是很有可能的。     

基于扩张状态观测器的小型固体火箭控制系统设计与验证

以自研小型固体火箭为对象,基于扩张状态观测器,对三通道姿态控制器进行了设计及验证。建立了以攻角、侧滑角和滚转角为控制目标的积分链状态空间模型;结合扩张状态观测器,应用极点配置法对三通道姿态控制器进行了鲁棒设计;通过数值仿真和半实物仿真,结合拉偏分析,对控制器设计进行校核,证明了设计的有效性和鲁棒性;通过飞行试验验证了控制器性能,跟踪结果符合仿真分析,基本无延时、无静差,证明了该方法的可行性和工程应用价值。     

基于误差修正的直接力／气动力双层姿态控制设计

针对直接力／气动力复合姿态控制问题,将具有扩张观测器的动态逆控制与最优控制相结合,设计了一种基于误差修正的直接力／气动力复合控制双层姿态控制方法。该控制方法以气动力控制为主,将滑模变结构控制与动态逆控制相结合进行气动力控制,通过引入扩展观测器对控制系统中的不确定干扰进行估计与补偿,以提高控制系统的鲁棒性;在此基础上,基于最优控制方法进行直接力控制设计以实现跟踪误差快速修正,达到提高系统响应速度的目的。与气动力单独控制的仿真结果对比表明,该复合控制算法能够有效改善系统的动态响应特性。     

固态颗粒空间环境下升华过程数值分析

在轨液体的排放将产生毫米级固态颗粒空间碎片,由于其升华耗散过程具有不确定性,若长期留轨将产生危害。文章以水为例,通过数值模拟对冰粒在轨升华过程进行分析。结果表明,冰粒的太阳吸收比是影响其升华的重要因素,采取措施提高颗粒的太阳吸收比和减少单个颗粒的平均质量都可有效加快颗粒的升华耗散。     

旋转非合作目标相对状态的解耦估计方法

针对在轨旋转非合作目标相对状态估计中关于几何结构及惯量参数先验信息未知的问题,提出一种以双目相机对目标特征点的投影作为测量值的解耦估计方法,实现旋转非合作目标相对状态的估计。首先,建立非合目标的动力学模型和目标特征点的运动模型;其次,为避免由目标特征点与目标质心相对位置不确定引起滤波性能降低的问题,建立相对特征的运动模型及投影模型,对旋转运动和平移运动进行解耦;最后,设计相应的滤波器对非合作目标的相对状态进行估计。仿真结果表明,提出的解耦估计方法能够有效地估计出非合作目标的相对状态。