基于神经网络的INS/SAR组合导航航迹状态估计算法研究

实现对已选航迹上的状态估计对于航迹规划有重要的指导意义,在干扰大的外界环境中,常规的卡尔曼滤波方法对组合导航航迹状态估计的精度已经不能满足要求,为此本文提出了采用BP神经网络用于组合导航的航迹状态估计。重点描述了BP网络用于航迹状态估计的设计方法,对训练样本的获得以及网络结构的选择给予了详细的介绍。最后结合INS/SAR组合导航的特点,分别采用常规卡尔曼滤波和BP神经网络进行航迹状态估计,仿真结果表明了该方法的有效性和实用性。     

一种涡轴发动机系统应急状态快速响应控制方法

针对直升机应急状态下特殊快速响应需求,基于涡轮放气原理,提出了一种新的应急状态快速响应控制方法.在应急状态下,除了燃油控制外,同时将涡轮放气量作为发动机控制变量,采用多变量鲁棒方法设计了应急状态直升机/涡轴发动机三变量快速响应控制器,该综合控制方法不仅实现了直升机垂飞通道的控制,而且在保持输出功率通道稳定,即自由涡轮转速恒定的前提下,借助于涡轮放气实现了燃气涡轮转速的闭环控制,有效实现了发动机功率快速跟随能力.最后,以直升机UH-60/涡轴发动机T700综合模型为对象,仿真验证了在直升机应急状态急升-急降过程中,直升机垂飞速度、发动机自由涡轮转速以及燃气涡轮转速跟踪指令的情况,结果表明:相比传统的PID(proportional integration differential)控制,基于快速响应控制方法建立的闭环系统响应迅速,动静态品质良好,能够达到直升机应急状态的特殊设计要求.      

基于ESO的可重复使用飞行器积分滑模控制器设计

考虑参数不确定和外界干扰对姿态控制的影响,开展基于扩张状态观测器(ESO,extended states observer)的可重复使用飞行器姿态控制研究.首先,对飞行器运动模型进行描述,在合理假设条件下,得到面向控制器设计的纵向和横侧向姿态模型;其次,分别针对纵向和横侧向姿态模型设计积分滑模控制器(ISMC,integral sliding mode control);然后,引入ESO对耦合作用、参数不确定及外界干扰进行估计,并在控制器中进行补偿;最后,六自由度仿真结果表明,本研究给出的控制策略能够实现对给定制导指令的稳定跟踪,确保安全再入飞行.     

A lunar L2-Farside exploration and science mission concept with the Orion Multi-Purpose Crew Vehicle and a teleoperated lander/rover

A novel concept is presented in this paper for a human mission to the lunar L2 (Lagrange) point that would be a proving ground for future exploration missions to deep space while also overseeing scientifically important investigations. In an L2 halo orbit above the lunar farside, the astronauts aboard the Orion Crew Vehicle would travel 15% farther from Earth than did the Apollo astronauts and spend almost three times longer in deep space. Such a mission would serve as a first step beyond low Earth orbit and prove out operational spaceflight capabilities such as life support, communication, high speed re-entry, and radiation protection prior to more difficult human exploration missions. On this proposed mission, the crew would teleoperate landers/rovers on the unexplored lunar farside, which would obtain samples from the geologically interesting farside and deploy a low radio frequency telescope. Sampling the South Pole-Aitken basin, one of the oldest impact basins in the solar system, is a key science objective of the 2011 Planetary Science Decadal Survey. Observations at low radio frequencies to track the effects of the Universe’s first stars/galaxies on the intergalactic medium are a priority of the 2010 Astronomy and Astrophysics Decadal Survey. Such telerobotic oversight would also demonstrate capability for human and robotic cooperation on future, more complex deep space missions such as exploring Mars.     

基于ASUKF的火星探测器脉冲星自主导航方法

脉冲星导航可靠、稳定、精度高, 是实现火星探测器自主导航的有效手段之一.针对脉冲星导航中脉冲到达时间的微小误差会引起巨大的位置估计误差这一问题,提出了一种基于扩维Unsented卡尔曼滤波(ASUKF,Augmented State Unscented Kalman Filter)的火星探测器脉冲星自主导航方法,建立了以位置、速度和脉冲到达时间的常值测量误差作为状态量的导航系统数学模型,可在对探测器位置、速度进行估计的同时有效估计并修正脉冲到达时间的常值测量误差,并降低随机测量误差的影响.仿真结果表明该方法的导航定位精度可达350m以内,可以满足火星探测自主导航的需要.     

基于改进Terminal滑模的导弹大角度机动控制

针对空空导弹攻击载机尾后目标的大角度机动控制问题,提出一种基于复合滑模面与扰动抑制机制的非奇异Terminal滑模(NTSM)控制器设计方法。首先建立了包含有气动不确定性的直接力控制系统(RCS)空空导弹数学模型,并采用传统NTSM控制方法设计了导弹姿态控制律。然后,在此基础上,针对大角度机动时初始状态远离平衡点的问题,设计了一种复合滑模面以加快系统收敛速度。为解决大攻角下的气动不确定性导致的严重抖振问题,引入了扩张状态观测器(ESO)技术,实现了系统不确定量的在线估计与补偿。对所提方法的稳定性分析证明了系统的有限时间收敛特性。最后,将设计的控制器应用于空空导弹的敏捷转弯大角度机动控制,仿真结果表明新方法可以加快系统收敛速度,并能有效削弱未建模动力学造成的抖振现象。      

一种功能梯度Timoshenko梁的损伤识别方法

为了获得功能梯度材料的高精度损伤识别方法,本文基于动力学方法,通过对状态空间变量进行变量替换,求得了沿轴向指数分布的功能梯度Timoshenko梁的传递矩阵,通过分析裂纹对结构局部柔度的影响,采用扭转弹簧模拟裂纹对结构局部柔度的贡献,建立了功能梯度Timoshenko梁的表面裂纹传递矩阵,并且推导了复杂边界条件下多跨梁的理论模型。通过将非线性方程组转化为单一目标函数优化问题,并将增广拉格朗日算法与差分进化算法相结合对结构进行损伤识别。计算实例表明,本文提出的方法具有精度高、收敛快等特点,且适用于复杂边界条件下多损伤模型的损伤识别。      

表面粗糙度的现状及发展

讨论了表面粗糙度测量和表征中,一些人们感兴趣的有待解决的问题,如：基准、滤波、校准样块、评定软件和表征参数等．认为在3D表面分析中应采用数字滤波,以保留数据的完整性;辨析了现存测量仪器和方法的范围──分辨力空间图中的缺口;介绍了校准样块的制备和测量;同时指出当前评定软件缺乏一致性和标准性,建议设计“软件量规”．最后指出了表面特征分析的发展趋势．     

The Geophysics of Mercury: Current Status and Anticipated Insights from the MESSENGER Mission

Current geophysical knowledge of the planet Mercury is based upon observations from ground-based astronomy and flybys of the Mariner 10 spacecraft, along with theoretical and computational studies. Mercury has the highest uncompressed density of the terrestrial planets and by implication has a metallic core with a radius approximately 75% of the planetary radius. Mercury’s spin rate is stably locked at 1.5 times the orbital mean motion. Capture into this state is the natural result of tidal evolution if this is the only dissipative process affecting the spin, but the capture probability is enhanced if Mercury’s core were molten at the time of capture. The discovery of Mercury’s magnetic field by Mariner 10 suggests the possibility that the core is partially molten to the present, a result that is surprising given the planet’s size and a surface crater density indicative of early cessation of significant volcanic activity. A present-day liquid outer core within Mercury would require either a core sulfur content of at least several weight percent or an unusual history of heat loss from the planet’s core and silicate fraction. A crustal remanent contribution to Mercury’s observed magnetic field cannot be ruled out on the basis of current knowledge. Measurements from the MESSENGER orbiter, in combination with continued ground-based observations, hold the promise of setting on a firmer basis our understanding of the structure and evolution of Mercury’s interior and the relationship of that evolution to the planet’s geological history.     

基于VC++/GL Studio的通用飞行组合虚拟仪表设计及实现

为了满足某无人机半实物仿真系统视景显示需要,针对视景界面复杂、显示数据种类多、实时性和流畅性要求高的特点,设计了基于GL Studio的组合虚拟仪表界面。详细介绍了组合虚拟仪表设计和实现过程,并通过VC++平台实现了网络通信和数据驱动仪表显示功能。仿真系统实际应用表明:该飞行组合仪表工作性能可靠,人机界面友好,具有良好的可重构性,满足不同无人机飞行仿真系统和飞行训练系统使用需求。