Application of reliability technologies in civil aviation: Lessons learnt and perspectives

We consider reliability engineering in modern civil aviation industry, and the related engineering activities and methods. We consider reliability in a broad sense, referring to other system characteristics that are related to it, like availability, maintainability, safety and durability. We covered the entire lifecycle of the equipment, including reliability requirement identification, reliability analysis and design, verification and validation of reliability requirements (typically involved in the equipment design and development phase), quality assurance (which typically enters in the manufacturing phase), and fault diagnosis and prognosis and maintenance (which are connected to the operation phase). Lessons learnt from reliability engineering practices in civil aviation industry are given, which might serve as reference for reliability managers and engineers, also from other industries with high reliability requirements.     

有向拓扑条件下针对机动目标的分布式协同制导律设计

研究了在有向拓扑条件下针对机动目标的分布式协同制导律的设计问题。首先，根据飞行器与目标之间追击过程的几何关系建立制导过程系统模型，针对该模型的非线性问题采用动态反馈线性化方法进行处理。将目标未知机动视为干扰，通过扩张状态观测器进行观测，同时将该估计值用于制导律的设计中，通过直接补偿的方式剔除目标机动对飞行器剩余飞行时间的影响。然后，将所设计的制导律代入到制导模型中，利用一致性分析方法将多飞行器协同制导问题转化为一致性问题，利用极点分析的方法对非一致性子空间的收敛性进行分析，得到协同制导律收敛的充要条件。最后，通过仿真分析的方式对所设计的协同制导律以及制导律的参数选取方法进行分析。     

军用ATS测试总线技术的现状与发展趋势

总线技术,特别是外部总线技术在装备自动测试系统(ATS)中占有十分重要的地位,是构成装备自动测试系统的桥梁与纽带.本文较为详细地介绍了现有军用ATS中常用的几种外部总线,并对主要外部总线的性能进行了比较;对军用ATS外部总线技术的发展趋势进行了展望,指出带热插拔功能的USB总线及满足高吞吐量、长传输距离的总线将成为未来总线发展的趋势.     

大学生健康生活影响因素分析

由于不良生活习惯、非婚性行为、就业压力、社会和家庭等多种因素的存在,当代大学生身心健康受到不同程度影响,建议学校和家庭通力合作,采取相应的措施,帮助大学生树立健康生活理念,提高健康水平。     

X-ray, γ-ray and neutron detector development for future space instrumentation

An overview of the material developments currently being pursued by the European Space Agency (ESA) with respect to X-ray, γ-ray and neutron detection media is given. The benefits underlying the selection of specific materials are discussed. In the X-ray regime the basic microphysics behind degraded spectral performance caused by the polarization effect and Te inclusions, have been investigated. We have found that both effects degrade the spectra by producing a localised distortion of the electric field. The underlying cause for the distortion does however differ. For the γ-ray regime, a low-noise equivalent scintillator to LaBr₃ has been developed in the form of CeBr₃. Three inch crystals with a FWHM energy resolution of 4.4% at 662 keV have successfully been produced. For neutron detection, a boron compound based solid state neutron detector has been developed that is sensitive to neutrons, alpha particles and 60 keV X-rays. The measured detection efficiency in detection for thermal neutrons was found to be in the order of a few per cent.     

1700℃热校准风洞

１７００℃热本单位风洞是一台高温、高速的稳态与动态温度校准装置。本文介绍了１７００℃热校准风洞的主要性能和特点，以及为此而采取的保温与冷却相结合的结构设计、高温内壳设计和其它的一些技术方法。     

Desert RATS 2011: Human and robotic exploration of near-Earth asteroids

The Desert Research and Technology Studies (D-RATS) 2011 field test involved the planning and execution of a series of exploration scenarios under operational conditions similar to those expected during a human exploration mission to a near-Earth asteroid (NEA). The focus was on understanding the operations tempo during simulated NEA exploration and the implications of communications latency and limited data bandwidth. Anchoring technologies and sampling techniques were not evaluated due to the immaturity of those technologies and the inability to meaningfully test them at D-RATS. Reduced gravity analogs and simulations are being used to fully evaluate Space Exploration Vehicle (SEV) and extravehicular (EVA) operations and interactions in near-weightlessness at a NEA as part of NASA's integrated analogs program. Hypotheses were tested by planning and performing a series of 1-day simulated exploration excursions comparing test conditions all of which involved a single Deep Space Habitat (DSH) and either 0, 1, or 2 SEVs; 3 or 4 crewmembers; 1 of 2 different communications bandwidths; and a 50-second each-way communications latency between the field site and Houston. Excursions were executed at the Black Point Lava Flow test site with a remote Mission Control Center and Science Support Room at Johnson Space Center (JSC) being operated with 50-second each-way communication latency to the field. Crews were composed of astronauts and professional field geologists. Teams of Mission Operations and Science experts also supported the mission simulations each day. Data were collected separately from the Crew, Mission Operations, and Science teams to assess the test conditions from multiple perspectives. For the operations tested, data indicates practically significant benefits may be realized by including at least one SEV and by including 4 versus 3 crewmembers in the NEA exploration architecture as measured by increased scientific data quality, EVA exploration time, capability assessment ratings, and consensus acceptability ratings provided by Crew, Mission Operations, and Science teams. A combination of text and voice was used to effectively communicate over the communications latency, and increased communication bandwidth yielded a small but practically significant improvement in overall acceptability as rated by the Science team, although the impact of bandwidth on scientific strategic planning and public outreach was not assessed. No effect of increased bandwidth was observed with respect to Crew or Mission Operations team ratings of overall acceptability.     

基于模糊模式识别的多通道目标选择算法

给出一种多通道用户界面的三维表示模型，证明目标选择是多通道人机交互技术的核心。针对多通道用户界面中输入信息的不精确性，运用模糊模式识别理论，提出根据不精确输入信息进行的目标选择算法。     

高职院校学生心理健康问题及解决途径

近年来,高职院校学生的心理问题比较突出,但最终解决问题的效果却不尽人意.旨在探讨新时期高职学生心理健康的现状和存在的问题,分析这些问题的成因,提出了设置健全的心理健康教育机构、加强心理教育师资建设、普及心理学知识、开展心理咨询活动、展开校际合作和进行社会实践活动的心理健康教育模式,以达到对高职学生心理健康教育的效果.     

采用有限状态机实现控制指令的可靠检测

采用有限状态机设计了一种控制指令检测方法,确保发动机工作状态的可靠控制。介绍了控制指令特征及检测要求,提出了基于有限状态机的检测方法,说明了软件设计,并给出了测试、验证方法及结果。有限状态机模型有助于解决复杂的实时性问题。