密闭容器试验用人体代谢模拟装置

文章简要介绍了人体代谢地面模拟装置的原理、结构组成和应用结果。为在密闭容器中进行地面模拟试验,考核产品性能提供了一个较为可靠而全面的模拟环境。     

Application of reliability technologies in civil aviation: Lessons learnt and perspectives

We consider reliability engineering in modern civil aviation industry, and the related engineering activities and methods. We consider reliability in a broad sense, referring to other system characteristics that are related to it, like availability, maintainability, safety and durability. We covered the entire lifecycle of the equipment, including reliability requirement identification, reliability analysis and design, verification and validation of reliability requirements (typically involved in the equipment design and development phase), quality assurance (which typically enters in the manufacturing phase), and fault diagnosis and prognosis and maintenance (which are connected to the operation phase). Lessons learnt from reliability engineering practices in civil aviation industry are given, which might serve as reference for reliability managers and engineers, also from other industries with high reliability requirements.     

Desert RATS 2011: Human and robotic exploration of near-Earth asteroids

The Desert Research and Technology Studies (D-RATS) 2011 field test involved the planning and execution of a series of exploration scenarios under operational conditions similar to those expected during a human exploration mission to a near-Earth asteroid (NEA). The focus was on understanding the operations tempo during simulated NEA exploration and the implications of communications latency and limited data bandwidth. Anchoring technologies and sampling techniques were not evaluated due to the immaturity of those technologies and the inability to meaningfully test them at D-RATS. Reduced gravity analogs and simulations are being used to fully evaluate Space Exploration Vehicle (SEV) and extravehicular (EVA) operations and interactions in near-weightlessness at a NEA as part of NASA's integrated analogs program. Hypotheses were tested by planning and performing a series of 1-day simulated exploration excursions comparing test conditions all of which involved a single Deep Space Habitat (DSH) and either 0, 1, or 2 SEVs; 3 or 4 crewmembers; 1 of 2 different communications bandwidths; and a 50-second each-way communications latency between the field site and Houston. Excursions were executed at the Black Point Lava Flow test site with a remote Mission Control Center and Science Support Room at Johnson Space Center (JSC) being operated with 50-second each-way communication latency to the field. Crews were composed of astronauts and professional field geologists. Teams of Mission Operations and Science experts also supported the mission simulations each day. Data were collected separately from the Crew, Mission Operations, and Science teams to assess the test conditions from multiple perspectives. For the operations tested, data indicates practically significant benefits may be realized by including at least one SEV and by including 4 versus 3 crewmembers in the NEA exploration architecture as measured by increased scientific data quality, EVA exploration time, capability assessment ratings, and consensus acceptability ratings provided by Crew, Mission Operations, and Science teams. A combination of text and voice was used to effectively communicate over the communications latency, and increased communication bandwidth yielded a small but practically significant improvement in overall acceptability as rated by the Science team, although the impact of bandwidth on scientific strategic planning and public outreach was not assessed. No effect of increased bandwidth was observed with respect to Crew or Mission Operations team ratings of overall acceptability.     

基于模糊模式识别的多通道目标选择算法

给出一种多通道用户界面的三维表示模型，证明目标选择是多通道人机交互技术的核心。针对多通道用户界面中输入信息的不精确性，运用模糊模式识别理论，提出根据不精确输入信息进行的目标选择算法。     

从一起航空运输严重事故征候看航空领域的威胁与差错管理

不安全事件的发生通常经历了威胁-人的差错-意外状态-不安全事件这样一个发展演变的过程。2010年1月13日,上航B5260号机在虹桥机场进近过程中下降低于安全高度,触发近地告警,构成一起航空运输严重事故征候。威胁与差错管理模型揭示:临时变更进近方式构成了来自外部环境的威胁,而航空器驾驶员和管制员在对威胁、人的差错和意外状态管理方面存在的失误是造成这起严重事故征候的主要原因。通过加强对威胁的识别和对人的差错和意外状态的管理,可以提高系统的容错、防错和纠错能力,有效防止不安全事件的发生。     

Effects of geomagnetic activity and atmospheric power variations on quantitative measures of brain activity: Replication of the Azerbaijani studies

This study replicates and extends the observations by Babayev and Allahveriyeva that changes in right hemispheric electroencephalographic activity are correlated with increases in geomagnetic activity. During the geomagnetically quiet interface between solar cycle 23 and 24 quantitative electroencephalographic (QEEG) measurements were completed for normal young adults in three separate experiments involving about 120 samples over 1.5 years. The most consistent, moderate strength correlations occurred for the changes in power within the gamma and theta ranges over the right frontal lobe. Real-time measures of atmospheric power obtained from polar orbiting satellites showed similar effects. The preferential involvement of the right frontal lobe and the regions subject to its inhibition with environmental energetic changes are consistent with the behavioural correlations historically associated with these conditions. They include increased incidence of emotional lability, erroneous reconstruction of experiences, social confrontations, and unusual perceptions.     

Effects of geomagnetic activity variations on the physiological and psychological state of functionally healthy humans: Some results of Azerbaijani studies

There are collaborative and cross-disciplinary space weather studies in the Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences conducted with purposes of revealing possible effects of solar, geomagnetic and cosmic ray variability on certain technological, biological and ecological systems. This paper describes some results of the experimental studies of influence of the periodical and aperiodical changes of geomagnetic activity upon human brain, human health and psycho-emotional state. It also covers the conclusions of studies on influence of violent solar events and severe geomagnetic storms of the solar cycle 23 on the mentioned systems in middle-latitude location. It is experimentally established that weak and moderate geomagnetic storms do not cause significant changes in the brain’s bioelectrical activity and exert only stimulating influence while severe disturbances of geomagnetic conditions cause negative influence, seriously disintegrate brain’s functionality, activate braking processes and amplify the negative emotional background of an individual. It is concluded that geomagnetic disturbances affect mainly emotional and vegetative spheres of human beings while characteristics reflecting personality properties do not undergo significant changes.     

企业人力资源管理问题探究

通过分析企业现行的人力资源管理体制、方法、制度等方面存在的一些具体问题，这些问题制约了现代企业的改革和发展，因此，改革人力资源管理体制，赋予人力资源管理以新的内容、方法和制度已是当务之急。在阐述了企业对人力资源管理与开发的具体措施后，指出企业的竞争力在很大程度上取决于人力资源的管理与开发。     

猴头部冲击下颅内压的变化和头冲击伤的防护

 为了探讨应急弹射时高速气流吹袭造成头部冲击伤的机制和防护措施,使用动态加载机,对２４只猴的头部进行了冲击,观察了头部损伤程度与颅内压的变化关系。实验结果表明,随头部损伤程度的加重,颅内压也随着增高;损伤程度的不同,颅内压的动态响应曲线也呈现出不同的特点;颅内压增高值达到６．６３ｋＰａ猴出现了脑震荡的症状;颅内压的增高值达到或超过１０．０２ｋＰａ猴发生了脑器质性损伤。在应急弹射时适当地固定头部或防止颅骨变形可较好地预防和减轻头部冲击伤。另外,还应在减少头部气动力和提高座椅的稳定性上着重考虑。     

模拟微重力对人骨髓间充质干胞向成骨细胞分化中细胞信号通路影响的分析

通过模拟来研究微重力对hMSC向成骨细胞分化的影响,并利用相关信号通路的激活剂或抑制剂来调节这一分化过程．研究结果表明,在成骨细胞分化诱导条件下,微重力降低了hMSC向成骨细胞定向分化的能力,并且成骨细胞标记性基因的表达明显降低,Runt相关转录因子2（Runx2）的表达受到抑制．相反,过氧化物酶体增殖激活受体γ（PPARγ2）的表达则增加．同时,微重力也降低了ERK的磷酸化水平,而增加了p38MAPK的磷酸化水平．使用p38MAPK的抑制剂SB203580能够抑制p38MAPK的磷酸化,但不能降低PPARγ2的表达水平．骨形态发生蛋白（BMP）能增加Runx2的表达水平．成纤维细胞生长因子2（FGF2）增加了ERK的磷酸化水平,但也不能显著增加成骨细胞标记性基因的表达水平．采用BMP,FGF2和SB203580三种因子组合来调控微重力下的成骨细胞分化能力,结果表明三者的协同作用能显著逆转微重力对成骨细胞定向分化的生物学效应．研究结果还说明,模拟微重力应该是通过不同的细胞信号通路来抑制成骨细胞分化和提升脂肪细胞分化的．