企业人力资源管理新趋势-人事外包

人事外包是人力资源管理的一种新形式 ,企业将事务性传统人力资源管理活动外包出去 ,有利于企业人力资源部专注于战略性人力资源管理。本文阐述了人事外包的内容 ,分析了人事外包给企业创造的管理优势 ,指出企业人事外包必须要有明确的目的 ,并结合企业的实际需要进行     

Life-sciences research opportunities in commercial suborbital space flight

Commercial suborbital space flights will reach altitudes above 100 km, with 3–5 min of weightlessness bracketed by high-g launch and landing phases. The proposed frequency of these flights, and the large passenger population, present interesting opportunities for researchers in the life sciences. The characteristics of suborbital flight are between those of parabolic and orbital flights, opening up new scientific possibilities and easing the burden for obtaining access to 0g.     

Human factors quantification via boundary identification of flight performance margin

A systematic methodology including a computational pilot model and a pattern recognition method is presented to identify the boundary of the flight performance margin for quantifying the human factors. The pilot model is proposed to correlate a set of quantitative human factors which represent the attributes and characteristics of a group of pilots. Three information processing components which are influenced by human factors are modeled： information perception, decision making, and action execution. By treating the human factors as stochastic variables that follow appropriate probability density functions, the effects of human factors on flight performance can be investigated through Monte Carlo（MC） simulation. Kernel density estimation algorithm is selected to find and rank the influential human factors. Subsequently, human factors are quantified through identifying the boundary of the flight performance margin by the k-nearest neighbor（k-NN） classifier. Simulation-based analysis shows that flight performance can be dramatically improved with the quantitative human factors.     

生物组织中光场分布的有限元分析

基于对脑组织多层结构特殊性的认识,将有限元方法应用到脑组织的光场分布模拟研究中,即通过区域划分和分片插值确定基函数,并根据变分原理推导了辐射传输方程在边界条件下的泛函,进而得到每个单元的特征式和整个场的联立方程式,可求解联立方程式得到光场分布的模拟结果.最后,进一步讨论了有限元方法的合理性选择问题,给出有限元方法的适用条件是吸收系数远小于散射系数的生物组织.将此方法和蒙特卡罗方法模拟的光场分布进行比较,结果表明,有限元方法对脑组织内的光场分布模拟相当精确,同时模拟所用的时间大大缩短.     

空管人因失效概率的THERP-CREAM预测方法

管制员的人为差错是导致航空器空中相撞的主要原因之一,对空管人因失效概率进行有效预测是一个难题。为此,提出一种基于人误率预测技术（THERP）与认知可靠性和失误率分析模型（CREAM）的组合空管人因失效概率预测方法,基于THERP技术二叉树模型构建事故发展基本脉络,而后基于CREAM方法对各个人误行为触发概率进行修正,从而得出更为准确的概率预测结果。通过对相似事故进行对比分析,结果表明：本文提出的预测方法可识别关键性的事故影响因子,以便制定有针对性的管控措施,从而为研究预测空管人因失效概率提供了一种有效的分析手段。     

Usage of pre-flight data in short rendezvous mission of Soyuz-TMA spacecrafts

The paper describes the reduction of the vehicle autonomous flight duration before docking to the ISS. The Russian Soyuz-TMA spacecraft dock to the ISS two days after launch. Due to the limited volume inside Soyuz-TMA the reduction of time until docking to the ISS is very important, since the long stay of the cosmonauts in the limited volume adds to the strain of the space flight. In the previous papers of the authors it was shown that the existing capabilities of Soyuz-TMA, the ISS and the ground control loop make it possible to transfer to the five-orbit rendezvous profile. However, the analysis of the cosmonauts' schedule on the launch day shows that its duration is at the allowable limit and that is why it is necessary to find a way to further reduce the flight duration of Soyuz-TMA before docking to less than five orbits. In a traditional rendezvous profile, the calculation of rendezvous burns begins only after determination of the actual vehicle insertion orbit. The paper describes an approach in which the first two rendezvous burns are performed as soon as the spacecraft reaches the reference orbit and the values of the burns are calculated prior to the launch based on the pre-flight data for the nominal insertion. This approach decreases the duration of the rendezvous by one orbit. The demonstration flight of a Progress vehicle using the proposed profile was implemented on August 1, 2012 and completely confirmed the correctness of the imbedded principles. The paper considers the possible improvements of the proposed approach and recovery from the contingencies.     

采用被动侧杆的民机设计中的人为因素考虑

与中央杆/盘或主动侧杆相比,被动侧杆的最大缺陷在于缺乏反驱装置,进而产生人-机交互信息以及主/副驾交互信息的缺失,增加了人为差错的出现概率;被动侧杆由于缺乏力反馈,会造成飞行员对触觉这一最直接信息的缺失,进而影响人-机操纵权限的分配。在民机设计中,可以考虑在被动侧杆上添加模式切换按钮,从而在保持飞行员超控权限和提供有效包线保护这两者间找到最佳平衡点。被动侧杆由于缺乏反驱装置,无法实现左、右侧杆的联动,因此更容易出现叠加操纵。在民机设计中,应当从视觉、听觉、触觉全方位对叠加操纵进行提示,同时借鉴已有的接替操纵操作程序,以提高飞行员的适应性。     

浅谈民机客户服务专业技术人才队伍建设

民机客户服务人才对我国民机产业发展具有重要影响,其发展建设已纳入国家“十二五冶人才建设规划。介绍了全球顶尖民机制造商波音与空客的客户服务人力资源现状,总结了其客户服务人才队伍的培养措施,最后结合中国商飞公司实际,从招聘、培养、激励及管理等方面提出了培养公司客户服务人才队伍的建议。     

An integrated graphic–taxonomic–associative approach to analyze human factors in aviation accidents

Human factors are critical causes of modern aviation accidents. However, existing accident analysis methods encounter limitations in addressing aviation human factors, especially in complex accident scenarios. The existing graphic approaches are effective for describing accident mechanisms within various categories of human factors, but cannot simultaneously describe inadequate human–aircraft–environment interactions and organizational deficiencies effectively, and highly depend on analysts' skills and experiences. Moreover, the existing methods do not emphasize latent unsafe factors outside accidents. This paper focuses on the above three limitations and proposes an integrated graphic–taxonomic–associative approach. A new graphic model named accident tree(AcciTree), with a two-mode structure and a reaction-based concept, is developed for accident modeling and safety defense identification. The AcciTree model is then integrated with the well-established human factors analysis and classification system(HFACS) to enhance both reliability of the graphic part and logicality of the taxonomic part for improving completeness of analysis. An associative hazard analysis technique is further put forward to extend analysis to factors outside accidents, to form extended safety requirements for proactive accident prevention. Two crash examples, a research flight demonstrator by our team and an industrial unmanned aircraft, illustrate that the integrated approach is effective for identifying more unsafe factors and safety requirements.