高性能铝基复合材料的颗粒分布及界面结合

采用常规粉末冶金和高能球磨粉末冶金法制备了B4Cp/Al复合材料，研究了B4C颗粒分布与界面结合特点、形成机制以及对材料性能的影响。结果表明，17％（体积分数）B4Cp/6061Al复合材料的屈服和抗拉强度分别为415MPa和470MPa，比常规粉末冶金复合材料分别提高了69％和70％。微观分析表明，高能球磨粉末冶金复合材料中B4C颗粒均匀分布、颗粒与基体之间存在近百纳米厚度的界面层，界面层由呈带状且有序分布的微细铝晶粒和弥散分布的纳米颗粒组成。高能球磨过程中，铝粉末在钢球表面形成冷焊层，B4C不断被挤入而均匀化是实现颗粒均匀分布的主要机制；球磨过程中铝粉末表面氧化层破碎暴露出新鲜铝表面且与镶嵌与铝粉末中的B4C颗粒形成界面结合是获得良好界面结合复合材料的重要条件     

3He-Rich Solar Energetic Particle Events

³He-rich solar energetic particle (SEP) events show huge enrichments of ³He and association with kilovolt electrons and Type-III radio bursts. Observations from a new generation of high resolution instruments launched on the Wind, ACE, Yohkoh, SOHO, TRACE, and RHESSI spacecraft have revealed many new properties of these events: the particle energy spectra are found to be either power-law or curved in shape, with the ³He spectrum often being distinctly different from other species. Ultra-heavy nuclei up to >200 amu are found to be routinely present at average enrichments of >200 times solar-system abundances. The high ionization states previously observed near ∼1 MeV/nucleon have been found to decrease towards normal solar coronal values in these events. The source regions have been identified for many events, and are associated with X-ray jets and EUV flares that are associated with magnetic reconnection sites near active regions. This paper reviews the current experimental picture and theoretical models, with emphasis on the new insights found in the last few years.     

一种用于纳米颗粒场致发射推力器的自中和技术

纳米颗粒场致发射推力器(NFET)是一种用于微小卫星的固体工质静电推力器,为促进NFET的工程研制,提出一种新的自中和技术——反向充电中和策略。为研究这种自中和技术的设计方法,建立相应的数值模型以模拟该中和技术下羽流输运过程,并且,在真空舱中开展NFET的羽流测量试验来验证中和模型的正确性。以比色温度计和"打靶法"装置来分别测量羽流温度分布和推力,通过试验与仿真结果的对比,羽流温度变化的试验结果与仿真结果在定性规律上一致,推力的计算误差在9%～10%。在验证模型正确性的基础上,利用该数值模型对关键设计参数进行数值分析。结果表明:引出极与发射极的内径比变化会导致外加电场对剩余电荷颗粒作负功,引起推力下降,该物理参数在0.94附近时,推力达到极大值;而随着颗粒直径的增加,羽流中和区域整体向下游推移,推力升高。本文结论可为NFET的反向充电中和策略提供设计参考。     

A numerical model for bird strike on sidewall structure of an aircraft nose

In order to examine the potential of using the coupled smooth particles hydrodynamic(SPH) and finite element(FE) method to predict the dynamic responses of aircraft structures in bird strike events, bird-strike tests on the sidewall structure of an aircraft nose are carried out and numerically simulated. The bird is modeled with SPH and described by the Murnaghan equation of state, while the structure is modeled with finite elements. A coupled SPH–FE method is developed to simulate the bird-strike tests and a numerical model is established using a commercial software PAM-CRASH. The bird model shows no signs of instability and correctly modeled the break-up of the bird into particles. Finally the dynamic response such as strains in the skin is simulated and compared with test results, and the simulated deformation and fracture process of the sidewall structure is compared with images recorded by a high speed camera. Good agreement between the simulation results and test data indicates that the coupled SPH–FE method can provide a very powerful tool in predicting the dynamic responses of aircraft structures in events of bird strike.     

航煤裂解气低温自点火特性与等离子体助燃研究

为获得燃料低温自点火特性以及等离子体对燃料点火的促进作用,基于快速压缩机实验系统,研究了52％He稀释、当量比1.0、压力3.4MPa、温度877.7～915.9K条件下,航煤裂解气(29.4％CH4/30.8％C2H6/21.3％C2H4/18.5％C3H6)的自点火特性,并获得其点火延迟时间.在此基础上,采用放电与...     

Cosmological Shock Waves

Large-scale structure formation, accretion and merging processes, AGN activity produce cosmological gas shocks. The shocks convert a fraction of the energy of gravitationally accelerated flows to internal energy of the gas. Being the main gas-heating agent, cosmological shocks could amplify magnetic fields and accelerate energetic particles via the multi-fluid plasma relaxation processes. We first discuss the basic properties of standard single-fluid shocks. Cosmological plasma shocks are expected to be collisionless. We then review the plasma processes responsible for the microscopic structure of collisionless shocks. A tiny fraction of the particles crossing the shock is injected into the non-thermal energetic component that could get a substantial part of the ram pressure power dissipated at the shock. The energetic particles penetrate deep into the shock upstream producing an extended shock precursor. Scaling relations for postshock ion temperature and entropy as functions of shock velocity in strong collisionless multi-fluid shocks are discussed. We show that the multi-fluid nature of collisionless shocks results in excessive gas compression, energetic particle acceleration, precursor gas heating, magnetic field amplification and non-thermal emission. Multi-fluid shocks provide a reduced gas entropy production and could also modify the observable thermodynamic scaling relations for clusters of galaxies.     

高能激光光束质量的测量

高能激光广泛应用于科研、工业和军事等领域,其光束质量的精确计量对激光器性能的评价及化学和固体激光武器系统的作战效能的评估至关重要。提出一种高能强激光光束质量测量装置,能实时观察光束强度分布变化,通过数据处理系统可获得光束直径、束散角、光束指向稳定性及M2因子等光束质量参数,最后分析和讨论了各测量参数的测量不确定度。     

基于灰色聚类的磨粒自动识别

 将灰色系统理论中的聚类分析技术用于磨损颗粒的自动识别, 编制了相应的计算机模拟程序。在对磨粒图象的形态特征参数进行敏感性分析的基础上, 确定了各参数的灰类白化权函数, 并结合磨粒识别的试验研究, 给出了磨粒各特征参数的聚类权值。应用此方法对一组标准磨粒进行了模拟识别, 识别正确率在90% 以上, 并且识别速度很快, 大大优于传统的磨粒识别方法。     

航空发动机吸入颗粒物静电感应特性的模拟实验及分析

利用静电传感器和SC-010型环境试验箱等硬件搭建了吸入颗粒物静电监测模拟实验平台,并在此实验平台上展开了针对航空发动机吸入颗粒物静电感应特性的模拟实验研究,成功获取相应静电监测信号。实验设置颗粒材料、管道流速、颗粒粒径和颗粒投入质量4种变量作为变量条件,分别进行4组单一变量的对比实验,采集在不同颗粒材料、不同管道流速、不同颗粒粒径以及不同颗粒质量浓度环境下带电颗粒所产生的静电感应信号,对每组实验信号的活动率水平(AL)、正/负事件率(PER/NER)和绝对平均幅值等特征参数进行相应的数据分析和对比,并得到了一些有用的结论。实验发现,上述4种变量条件分别对静电感应信号的绝对时域平均幅值、AL参数、PER/NER参数有不同程度的影响。     

静电喷雾法制备n-Al/PVDF复合粒子及其放热性能研究

采用静电喷雾法制备核壳结构纳米铝粉/聚偏二氟乙烯(n-Al/PVDF)复合粒子。为优化制备参数,设计了正交试验,利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、差示扫描量热仪(DSC)等设备研究了静电喷雾过程中针头内径、推进速率、输出电压、接收距离等4种因素对制备的复合粒子形貌和放热性能的影响。结果表明:在0.51mm针头内径,1mL/h推进速率,10cm接收距离,12kV输出电压条件下制备的复合粒子形貌最为规整,平均粒径为75nm,与原料n-Al颗粒基本一致;PVDF包覆层厚度均匀,平均厚度为5nm。DSC测试结果显示,按此条件制备的样品在惰性气氛及空气气氛条件下放热量最大,且均大于其他条件下制备的样品,PVDF包覆层能够显著改善n-Al粉末能量释放效率,使铝粉反应更完全。