复合材料抗冲击性能和结构压缩设计许用值

 从复合材料结构压缩设计许用值的概念和复合材料的冲击后压缩强度性能出发,讨论按NASA标准得到的CAI值与它们的关系,指出传统的CAI值不能充分反映复合材料体系的抗冲击性能,且与结构压缩设计许用值无任何联系。在对复合材料结构完整性要求和作者的试验研究,和对国外文献总结的基础上,提出复合材料抗冲击性能应包括损伤阻抗和损伤容限两方面。大量的试验数据证实复合材料层压板抗冲击性能存在拐点现象,在对拐点附近复合材料层压板的破坏机理研究基础上,建议用拐点附近的性能建立复合材料层压板抗冲击性能的评定体系,即可以用表面层在冲击下保持其完整性的最大能力(最大接触力)来表征复合材料体系的损伤阻抗(韧性);用出现拐点后基本不变的压缩强度(破坏应变)门槛值来表征复合材料体系的损伤容限。     

陶瓷纤维梯度增强活塞的梯度方程研究

 功能梯度材料零件具有单质材料零件无法比拟的理化性能优势,然而由于材料分布复杂以及对功能梯度材料本身性能研究不充分,使性能分析存在很多困难。论文应用复合材料热性能理论,采用有限元分析软件ADINA,分析陶瓷纤维梯度增强活塞（材料梯度方程的参数不同）的温度分布和应力分布,结果表明陶瓷纤维梯度层可以明显改变活塞温度分布,缓和由于热膨胀系数不匹配,在陶瓷纤维增强层与活塞本体交界处产生的应力。根据计算结果拟合出温度峰值、整体应力峰值和层间应力峰值与方程系数之间的曲线,并加以验证。     

Microstructure and Optical Characterization of Magnetron Sputtered NbN Thin Films

Some fundamental studies on the preparation, structure and optical properties of NbN films were carried out. NbN thin films were deposited by DC reactive magnetron sputtering at different N2 partial pressures and different substrate temperatures ranging from –50 ℃ to 600 ℃. X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were employed to characterize their phase com- ponents, microstructures, grain sizes and surface morphology. Optical properties inclusive of refractive indexes, extinction coefficients and transmittance of the NbN films under different sputtering conditions were measured. With the increase in the N2 partial pressure, δ-NbN phase structure gets forming and the grain size and lattice constant of the cubic NbN increasing. The deposited NbN film has relatively high values of refractive index and extinction coefficient in the wavelength ranging from 240 nm to 830 nm. Substrate tem- perature exerts notable influences on the microstructure and optical transmittance of the NbN films. The grain sizes of the δ-NbN film remarkably increase with the rise of the substrate temperature, while the transmittance of the films with the same thickness decreases. Ultra-fine granular film with particle size of several nanometers forms when the substrate is cooled to –50 ℃, and a remarkable aug- mentation of transmittance could be noticed under so low a temperature.     

Microstructure and Martensitic Transformation Behaviors of Explosively Welded NiTi/NiTi Laminates

The study is a first attempt to prepare bulk NiTi/NiTi shape memory alloy (SMA) laminates with a macroscopic heterogeneous composition by explosive welding and investigate their microstructures and martensitic transformation behaviors. After explosive weld- ing, a perfect interfacial bonding between the two components and a reversible martensitic transformation are realized in the tandem. Results show achievement of a fine granular structure and the maximum value of microhardness near the welding interface because of the excessive cold plastic deformation and the high impact velocity during the explosive welding. Meanwhile, the effects of aging on the transformation of the welded tandem are investigated by differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and subject to discussion. The trans- formation temperatures of NiTi/NiTi SMAs increase with the rise of the aging temperature. The experimental results indicate the shape memory properties of NiTi/NiTi SMA fabricated by explosive welding can be improved by optimizing the aging technology.     

Revisiting the space-time gradient method: A time-clocking perspective,high order difference time discretization and comparison with the harmonic balance method

This paper revisits the Space-Time Gradient(STG) method which was developed for efficient analysis of unsteady flows due to rotor–stator interaction and presents the method from an alternative time-clocking perspective. The STG method requires reordering of blade passages according to their relative clocking positions with respect to blades of an adjacent blade row. As the space-clocking is linked to an equivalent time-clocking, the passage reordering can be performed according to the alternativ...     

热防护材料高温异型传感器校准技术研究

高温异型传感器广泛应用在热防护材料研究领域,因其测温部分比通用温度传感器尺寸短,现有的校准装置无法满足该类传感器的校准需求。针对高温异型传感器无法校准的问题,提出了一种应用专用高温恒温炉、基于比较法的校准方法,研制了高温异型传感器校准装置,实现了该类温度传感器的量值溯源,并进行了不确定度分析。     

太阳电池电路深空探测服役环境与关键技术分析

针对月球、火星、木星等不同的深空探测任务,本文通过在轨服役环境分析,说明了火星探测火星表面光谱计算方法、火星光谱太阳电池设计思路、火星表面除尘技术路线及木星探测低温低光强技术风险。结合工程技术经验,给出了特殊任务应用条件下单片太阳电池推算整板输出功率的计算方法,解决了我国尚无特殊条件的瞬态大太阳模拟器作为整板输出功率测试地面模拟光源的工程难题,为相关科研人员提供参考。     

基于双环滑模控制的直/气复合控制系统设计

直/气复合控制导弹具有强干扰、强非线性以及强耦合等特点,传统的姿态控制器难以适用于该种复杂干扰并存的情况,文章提出了基于双环滑模控制的直/气复合控制器。首先采用有限时间收敛趋近律分别构造内外环滑模控制器,并将角速度回路的滑模变量量化为直接力指令,以解决空气舵与姿控发动机之间的耦合问题。接着使用非线性扩张状态观测器估计综合干扰,从而设计控制器补偿侧向喷流干扰及模型不确定性等综合干扰的影响。然后基于李雅普诺夫方法证明了控制系统闭环稳定,分析了干扰补偿对控制器收敛域的影响。最后仿真结果表明,该方法跟踪速度快,动态过程平稳,具有较强的干扰抑制能力,具有很强的鲁棒性。     

模块化空间可展开天线支撑桁架结构的热-结构分析

对模块化空间可展开天线支撑桁架结构进行空间热交变环境下的热 结构分析,为天线结构因热致变形影响形面精度和网面稳定性提供合理的防护建议。采用ANSYS APDL有限元软件建立了大口径模块化空间可展开天线支撑结构的精细化数值模型,基于已有试验分别验证了模块化可展开天线结构有限元建模和热分析模型的正确性;分析了在瞬态温度场作用下约束位置等参数对支撑桁架弦杆及拉索应力的影响和热致变形规律。研究结果表明：空间可展开天线结构的应力和变形随时间历程发展与瞬态温度场变化趋势基本一致;同一瞬态温度场下,天线结构中心模块拉索热应力最大,同圈模块的弦杆热应力幅值基本相同,其上弦杆热应力逐圈增大,而拉索热应力逐圈减小;天线结构热致变形在距离约束最远端处整体累计值最大,上层中心点处累计热致变形可达15mm左右,对天线形面精度的影响不可忽略;将天线支撑桁架结构最外侧且距离结构中心最近的模块顶角和与相邻模块竖杆拼接处作为星载天线伸展臂约束时,天线结构的热致变形最小。将该处作为模块化空间可展开天线的展开支点,并建议对天线支撑结构表面采用涂刷隔热防护复合材料涂层等防护措施,以增加天线结构在太空极端环境的适应性,从而减小温度交变对天线整体形变和网面精度的影响。     

水银温度计视觉检定系统中的数字图像处理技术研究

提出了一种基于计算机视觉的水银温度计自动检定系统。首先构建了水银温度计自动检定系统的体系结构,重点研究了数字图像处理技术在温度计读数上的应用,研究了直方图均衡化处理,并根据OTSU原理,把温度计图像进行分割,采用Canny算子提取温度计边缘,并根据Hough变换得到温度计刻度线和液柱,最后给出了与人工读数对比的实验结果及结论。