多螺旋桨太阳能无人机横航向操稳特性研究

首先分析了大型高空长航时太阳能无人机由于超大展弦比和高效多螺旋桨带来的航向阻尼增量和航向操纵导数,接着分析了由此带来的横航向动态特性变化,并结合多螺旋桨的操纵特性,提出了多桨航向控制方法,最后进行了仿真验证.结果表明,分布式多桨布局对提高该类无人机的横航向稳定性有较大作用,以多桨的转速变化量最小为目标的最优化航向控制分配方法对超长航时飞行很有利.     

舱外活动系统述评

舱外活动（EVA）系统可分为3部分：1）航天员装备系统,包括舱外航天服（EVA航天服）、安全系绳和机动装置;2）空间支持系统,包括气闸、约束装置、EVA工具、在轨训练设施、遥控自动操作装置,以及表面运输工具;3）地面试验、训练与保障系统,包括减重／失重设施、热／真空试验舱、虚拟现实模拟系统、星体表面模拟场地,以及任务保障设施。文章阐述EVA系统的组成与功能,评述EVA技术现状及发展趋势。     

五/六自由度激光跟踪测量技术的原理分析

激光跟踪仪具有测量精度高、动态测量、实时快速等优点,在工业测量及大尺寸计量等领域中有着广泛的应用。五/六自由度测量技术是解决全姿态测量的重要手段,五/六自由度激光跟踪仪是近年来新出现的测量设备,也是实现全姿态测量的常用设备之一,已经广泛应用于机器人跟踪、设备动态标佼等测量工作中。因此针对目前国际上最新的五/六自由度激光跟踪测量技术,主要介绍了基于单站激光跟踪仪实现五/六自由度全姿态测量技术的原理。     

Strong geomagnetic activity forecast by neural networks under dominant southern orientation of the interplanetary magnetic field

The paper deals with the relation of the southern orientation of the north–south component _Bz$B_z$ of the interplanetary magnetic field to geomagnetic activity (GA) and subsequently a method is suggested of using the found facts to forecast potentially dangerous high GA. We have found that on a day with very high GA hourly averages of _Bz$B_z$ with a negative sign occur at least 16 times in typical cases. Since it is very difficult to estimate the orientation of _Bz$B_z$ in the immediate vicinity of the Earth one day or even a few days in advance, we have suggested using a neural-network model, which assumes the worse of the possibilities to forecast the danger of high GA – the dominant southern orientation of the interplanetary magnetic field. The input quantities of the proposed model were information about X-ray flares, type II and IV radio bursts as well as information about coronal mass ejections (CME). In comparing the GA forecasts with observations, we obtain values of the Hanssen–Kuiper skill score ranging from 0.463 to 0.727, which are usual values for similar forecasts of space weather. The proposed model provides forecasts of potentially dangerous high geomagnetic activity should the interplanetary CME (ICME), the originator of geomagnetic storms, hit the Earth under the most unfavorable configuration of cosmic magnetic fields. We cannot know in advance whether the unfavorable configuration is going to occur or not; we just know that it will occur with the probability of 31%.     

月食过程月表太阳辐照和温度变化模拟

月食对月球轨道探测器的温度有重要的影响,分析月食时月表的太阳辐照和温度,具有重要意义。文章给出了通用的月表温度模型和月食时月表太阳辐照模型,根据某次月食的天文参数,用太阳辐照模型可求出月表任一点在月食时的太阳直接辐照变化过程,代入温度模型可求出任一点的温度变化过程。此模型和方法可用于对任何一次月食的分析,并以2007年8月28日的月食为例,模拟了该次月食的表面太阳直接辐照和温度的变化过程。     

Composition Variations in the Solar Corona and Solar Wind

Order of magnitude variations in relative elemental abundances are observed in the solar corona and solar wind. The instruments aboard SOHO make it possible to explore these variations in detail to determine whether they arise near the solar surface or higher in the corona. A substantial enhancement of low First Ionization Potential (FIP) elements relative to high FIP elements is often seen in both the corona and the solar wind, and that must arise in the chromosphere. Several theoretical models have been put forward to account for the FIP effect, but as yet even the basic physical mechanism responsible remains an open question. Evidence for gravitational settling is also found at larger heights in quiescent streamers. The question is why the heavier elements don't settle out completely. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.