Solar and Solar-Wind Composition Results from the Genesis Mission

The Genesis mission returned samples of solar wind to Earth in September 2004 for ground-based analyses of solar-wind composition, particularly for isotope ratios. Substrates, consisting mostly of high-purity semiconductor materials, were exposed to the solar wind at L1 from December 2001 to April 2004. In addition to a bulk sample of the solar wind, separate samples of coronal hole (CH), interstream (IS), and coronal mass ejection material were obtained. Although many substrates were broken upon landing due to the failure to deploy the parachute, a number of results have been obtained, and most of the primary science objectives will likely be met. These objectives include He, Ne, Ar, Kr, and Xe isotope ratios in the bulk solar wind and in different solar-wind regimes, and ¹⁵N/¹⁴N and ¹⁸O/¹⁷O/¹⁶O to high precision. The greatest successes to date have been with the noble gases. Light noble gases from bulk solar wind and separate solar-wind regime samples have now been analyzed. Helium results show clear evidence of isotopic fractionation between CH and IS samples, consistent with simplistic Coulomb drag theory predictions of fractionation between the photosphere and different solar-wind regimes, though fractionation by wave heating is also a possible explanation. Neon results from closed system stepped etching of bulk metallic glass have revealed the nature of isotopic fractionation as a function of depth, which in lunar samples have for years deceptively suggested the presence of an additional, energetic component in solar wind trapped in lunar grains and meteorites. Isotope ratios of the heavy noble gases, nitrogen, and oxygen are in the process of being measured.     

基于频域参量的石英复合材料孔隙超声表征方法研究

孔隙率对复合材料性能有很大影响。针对高孔隙率复合材料超声表征不足问题,本文把超声功率谱特征和非线性特征应用于表征高孔隙石英酚醛复合材料的孔隙率,即在频域上对比研究孔隙对基波幅值的衰减及谐波幅值的滋生的影响。结果表明:二者均能有效表征高孔隙复合材料的孔隙率。基于频域基波分析的超声功率谱特征参量测量容易,随孔隙增加呈递减变化,在孔隙率较低时具有一定优势;基于谐波分析的超声二阶非线性特征参量,随孔隙增加呈递增变化,对高孔隙率表征更具优势。     

基于FQFD的太阳能无人机设计指标排序方法

为解决太阳能无人机（UAV）总体设计中任务需求表达模糊、技术指标重要度排序决策困难的问题,提出了基于模糊质量功能展开（FQFD）的太阳能无人机总体设计指标排序方法。该方法在传统质量功能展开（QFD）质量屋的基础上,引入三角模糊数,表征任务需求的不确定性和模糊性;在模糊隶属度函数未知的情况下,采用α加权修正水平截集去模糊化方法计算技术指标重要度,获得技术指标重要度排序,为总体设计优化决策提供依据。最后以长航时太阳能无人机的总体设计为例,对任务需求—工程特性—技术指标的两级质量屋模型进行计算分析,得到续航能力、巡航高度、动力系统效率、巡航速度和气动效率是太阳能无人机最重要的5个技术指标的结果。此方法客观性较强,可处理复杂的系统不确定性,为太阳能无人机总体方案设计及决策应用提供参考依据。     

弯曲/倾斜叶片对大展弦比涡轮气动性能影响

为了获得弯曲/倾斜导叶对大展弦比低压涡轮气动性能的影响,通过求解基于耦合转捩SST湍流模型的雷诺平均N-S方程组,对GE-E3低压涡轮叶栅的进行了全三维粘性定常与非定常数值模拟。研究了弯曲/倾斜导叶对涡轮级效率的影响,分析了对导叶叶栅气动性能、导叶扩散因子与边界层发展的作用,以及对下游动叶气动性能和动叶吸力面流动特性的影响。结果表明,正弯导叶减小了二次流损失却带了更大的叶型损失,降低了涡轮级效率,而正倾斜改变了上下端壁的二次流损失分配,对总的叶型损失影响较小,在一定角度下能够改善大展弦比涡轮叶栅的气动性能。     

The Modulation of Galactic Cosmic Rays in the Heliosphere: Theory and Models

Almost all theoretical and numerical models for the modulation of cosmic ray in the heliosphere are based on Parker's transport equation which contains all the important basic physical processes. The relative importance of the various mechanisms is however not established and may vary significantly over 22 years. The simultaneous measurements of solar wind parameters, heliospheric magnetic field properties and cosmic rays over a wide range of energies and positions in the heliosphere have brought the realization that modulation is much more complicated than what the original drift models predicted. In the process the sophistication of models based on solving Parker's equation has increased by orders of magnitude. A short review of the global modulation of cosmic rays is given from a theoretical and modelling point of view.     

多螺旋桨太阳能无人机横航向操稳特性研究

首先分析了大型高空长航时太阳能无人机由于超大展弦比和高效多螺旋桨带来的航向阻尼增量和航向操纵导数,接着分析了由此带来的横航向动态特性变化,并结合多螺旋桨的操纵特性,提出了多桨航向控制方法,最后进行了仿真验证.结果表明,分布式多桨布局对提高该类无人机的横航向稳定性有较大作用,以多桨的转速变化量最小为目标的最优化航向控制分配方法对超长航时飞行很有利.     

同心圆式主副模分区燃烧组织燃烧室数值研究

针对新一代高温升燃烧室燃烧组织问题,提出了一种满足高温升燃烧室要求的方案,设计了先进的发散小孔冷却结构和同心圆式主副模分区的头部燃烧组织,采用稳态的压力求解器结合非预混PDF模型,对慢车和设计两个工况进行数值研究。通过数值计算获得了燃烧室速度场和温度场分布特性,结果显示了良好的分区供油分区燃烧组织特性。     

高体积分数SiCp/Al复合材料高温压缩界面研究

采用无压浸渗制备出高体积分数SiCp/Al多功能复合材料。对该复合材料进行了高温(高于基体熔点)压缩实验。利用XRD和TEM观察了SiCp/Al复合材料的界面结构,分析了高温压缩对复合材料界面的影响,研究了复合材料的复合机理。结果表明:高温压缩后的SiCp/Al复合材料的界面过渡层连续且厚度均匀,过渡层宽度减小了一个数量级;复合材料SiCp/Al界面结合机制包括扩散、位向和反应结合机制,复合材料SiCp/Al界面的这些结合机制,导致了增强相与基体之间很强的界面结合;复合材料的断裂方式为颗粒断裂,SiC增强颗粒与Al基体结合良好。     

三块各向正交异性矩形板构成的卫星帆板在各种载荷下的横向弯曲

本文以三块各向正交异性矩形板组成的卫星帆板为研究对象,首次利用半解析方法研究了其横向弯曲的问题。就板间连接处复杂的边界条件,提出了与之对应的挠度函数形式。在此基础上采用相同形式的挠度函数求出了帆板在各种横向外载荷作用下的挠度,为解决多板连接结构的弯曲问题提供了一种有别于以往数值方法的新思路。