一种综合通信导航识别系统的多波形部署方案设计

针对拥有多个相同任务通道的综合通信导航识别系统的多波形部署问题,提出了一种采用静态策略 的多通道多波形部署设计方案。本方案基于软件通信体系结构设计,实现了多波形应用与多个任务通道的匹配 机制和根据静态策略在多个任务通道上部署波形的机制。     

On tethered sample and mooring systems near irregular asteroids

A tethered asteroid sample and mooring system is investigated in this paper. In this system the spacecraft is moored to the surface of an irregular asteroid such as 216 Kleopatra by using a rocket-propelled anchor with a cable. The rocket-propelled anchor is a kind of space penetrator, which can inject into asteroids at high speeds generated by its own rocket engine. It can be used to explore the interior structure of asteroids, and it can also be used as a sample collector. When the sampling mission is done, the sample can be pulled back to the spacecraft with the anchor. Using this method, the spacecraft can be kept in a safe region in which it cannot be trapped by the gravitational field of the asteroid. This work is concerned with the dynamics of the tethered system near irregular asteroids. First, a shape model and gravitational field model of irregular asteroids are built. Then, the configuration and the stability of the tethered system are investigated, and the quasi-periodic motion near the equilibrium point of the tethered system is analyzed. Finally, the non-uniform density distribution of the asteroids is considered. The deployment process and the oscillation of the tethered system in the uncertain asteroid gravity field are simulated using the Monte Carlo method. The feasibility of the tethered asteroid sample and mooring system is proved.     

空间交会策略回顾及自主快速交会方案研究

介绍了已实施的几种典型的空间交会策略.通过分析现在的2~3d交会方案以及国外最新发展的4圈快速交会方案,总结了实现快速交会所要解决的主要技术问题.针对中国空间交会技术的发展需求,提出了一种自主快速交会方案.对比现有的4圈快速交会方案,该方案所允许的追踪航天器和目标航天器的初始相位角范围大大增加,但燃料消耗基本保持不变,这对开展实际工程有较好的指导意义.     

考虑地球自转的探月返回反馈线性化跟踪制导律设计

研究考虑地球自转的探月返回跳跃式再入的纵向制导问题.通过对制导动力学进行详细分析,给出了地球自转对制导精度产生影响的原因.在此基础上,针对探月返回跳跃式再入的纵向制导问题,研究了考虑地球自转的反馈线性化跟踪制导律的设计问题.当考虑地球自转时,制导动力学十分复杂,如果直接按照非线性系统反馈线性化控制理论进行制导律设计,所需测量量较多,制导律难以实现.设计了一种简化的反馈线性化跟踪制导律,并分析了设计机理.最后进行了数学仿真,与航天飞机反馈线性化跟踪制导律进行了比较,所设计的制导律在一定不确定下制导精度更高.     

基于星上动态指令调度的卫星使用效能提升技术

针对传统任务管理模式采用静态约束指令序列导致卫星使用效能的不足,提出一种基于有向图模型的动态约束自适应任务管理方案。采用面向用户的星地任务控制接口,利用地面仿真和星上实时遥测获取任务运行过程的动态约束参数,星载计算机据此动态生成任务指令序列。针对某高性能光学卫星的仿真试验表明,与传统任务管理模式相比,卫星操作接口复杂度减少88.5%,任务注入效率提升699%,有效载荷数据传输效率提升10%,全球数据获取能力提升11%,对我国区域的实时数据获取能力提升100%。方案对遥感卫星在轨运行管理具有借鉴意义。     

航天器资源约束的时间拓扑排序处理方法

针对航天器自主任务规划中的资源受限、约束复杂、活动并行等问题,提出了基于时间拓扑排序的航天器资源计算方法。考虑规划结果中资源产生及消耗,采用资源约束网络模型表示规划中动作的资源需求。通过分析资源变化与动作执行时间的关系,在资源处理过程中对资源约束网络的资源突变时刻进行拓扑排序,优化了流量推进路径的选择过程,时间复杂度为O(n 2 )。数值仿真结果表明,算法提高了规划过程中资源处理的效率。     

Biobjective planning of GEO debris removal mission with multiple servicing spacecrafts

The mission planning of GEO debris removal with multiple servicing spacecrafts (SScs) is studied in this paper. Specifically, the SScs are considered to be initially on the GEO belt, and they should rendezvous with debris of different orbital slots and different inclinations, remove them to the graveyard orbit and finally return to their initial locations. Three key problems should be resolved here: task assignment, mission sequence planning and transfer trajectory optimization for each SSc. The minimum-cost, two-impulse phasing maneuver is used for each rendezvous. The objective is to find a set of optimal planning schemes with minimum fuel cost and travel duration. Considering this mission as a hybrid optimal control problem, a mathematical model is proposed. A modified multi-objective particle swarm optimization is employed to address the model. Numerous examples are carried out to demonstrate the effectiveness of the model and solution method. In this paper, single-SSc and multiple-SSc scenarios with the same amount of fuel are compared. Numerous experiments indicate that for a definite GEO debris removal mission, that which alternative (single-SSc or multiple-SSc) is better (cost less fuel and consume less travel time) is determined by many factors. Although in some cases, multiple-SSc scenarios may perform worse than single-SSc scenarios, the extra costs are considered worth the gain in mission safety and robustness.     

绕月自由返回飞行任务的轨道设计方法

针对绕月自由返回飞行提出一种任务轨道设计方法。在双二体模型下基于圆锥曲线拼接和能量匹配原则迭代计算初值,采用Broyden法构造新的微分修正格式,在精确模型下分别针对三组不同的目标变量和目标值对初值进行逐级修正使之满足再入参数。采用简单迭代调整近地点时刻、飞行时间完成发射弹道拼接和落点位置匹配,迭代初值根据落点纬度插值确定,插值表通过对若干飞行时间进行初值计算和发射弹道拼接构造。算例表明,该流程能够扩展初值计算的适用范围,具有良好的收敛性和计算效率。     

基于多阶段决策的侦察卫星任务规划研究

为解决侦察卫星任务规划中合理分配任务和避免信息传输冲突的问题,建立了基于多阶段决策的侦察卫星任务规划模型,包括任务分配模型和传输调度模型,并根据运筹学的基本原理,给出了求解模型的基本方法,从求解结果来看,该模型具有一定的理论与应用价值。     

一种用于探测器地外天体起飞试验的位姿及运动模拟装置

为了实现地外天体的表面详尽勘测,探测器需进行着陆、采样、返回等活动。为确保采样返回任务的成功,探测器在研制中需进行各种空间环境模拟试验评价。针对探测器返回起飞过程中的环境模拟试验,文章提出了采用六自由度Stewart平台作为位姿及运动模拟装置。该装置有静态和动态位姿调整两个基本功能,其中静态位姿调整用来模拟不平的地形对探测器的返回模块返回起飞的影响,动态位姿调整用来模拟返回模块与着陆模块之间的相对运动。位姿及运动模拟装置的控制为上位机+下位机工作模式,由上位机设置模拟装置的运动参数,并将运动参数传输到下位机进行控制。经过模拟试验测试证明,该装置能够满足探测器返回起飞的位姿及运动的模拟试验要求。