Developing an engineering-statistical model for estimating aerodynamic coeffcients of helicopter fuselage

The design of the geometric shape of a helicopter fuselage poses a serious challenge for designers. The most important parameter in determining the shape of the helicopter fuselage is its aerodynamic coefficients. These coefficients are determined using two methods:wind tunnel test and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation. The first method is expensive, time-consuming and limited. In addition, estimates in regions away from data can be poor. The second method, due to the limitations of numerical solution, the number of nodes and the used solution, is often inaccurate. In this paper, with the aim of accelerating the design process and achieving results with reasonable engineering accuracy, an engineering-statistical model which is useful for estimating the aerodynamic coefficients was developed, which mitigated the drawbacks of these two methods. First, by combining CFD simulation and regression techniques, an engineering model was pre-sented for the estimation of aerodynamic coefficients. Then, by using the data from a wind tunnel test and implementation of statistical adjustment, the engineering model was modified and an engineering-statistical model was obtained. By spending less time and cost, the final model provided the aerodynamic coefficients of a helicopter fuselage at the desired angles of attack with reasonable accuracy. Finally, three numerical examples were provided to illustrate the application of the pro-posed model. Comparative results demonstrate the effectiveness of the engineering-statistical model in estimating the aerodynamic coefficients of a helicopter fuselage.     

液态成型复合材料在直升机上的应用

自20世纪60年代以来,高性能树脂基复合材料在直升机结构中的应用获得了迅速发展,传统的预浸料-热压罐成型复合材料在直升机结构上已取得了大量应用,对结构减重、性能提升起到了显著作用。但是,随着复合材料技术的发展以及直升机对低成本、整体成型技术的强烈需求,低成本液态成型复合材料逐渐在直升机上获得应用,其应用水平及应用效果也不断提升。以RTM、VARI两种典型的液态成型技术为主综述了液态成型复合材料在直升机上的应用,并对新型的液态成型工艺进行了介绍,以期能为直升机设计人员和复合材料工艺人员提供选材及工艺方案方面的技术支撑。     

计及诱速和风切变的直升机自转前飞特性

研究直升机自转前飞时在风切变条件下的稳定性和操纵性。风切变采用非线性模型，旋翼模型考虑桨叶的刚性挥舞运动，桨叶根部具有水平铰外伸量和弹性约束，诱速在桨盘处的分布采用固定涡系所表示的诱速非均匀分布模型，以Ｚ９飞机为算例，算出计及风切变与否的自转前飞平衡参数和稳定根及操纵响应，显示了风切变对自转前飞操稳特性的影响。     

直升机旋翼阵风响应研究

简要综述了当前直升机旋翼阵风响应的理论研究和试验对比研究的成果及发展方向，事实表明，旋翼的阵风响应是一个比较复杂的动态现象，它是研究旋翼在遭遇到一定形式的阵风后，旋翼由阵风诱导的响应参量的动态变化规律，它不仅影响直升机的驾驶品质，而且影响直升机的疲劳载荷和强度，其研究目的不仅在于进行理论分析和试验对比研究，而且还在于研究阵风减缓的机理和装置，阵风响应的研究对于具有较高动应力与振动水平的无铰旋翼的设     

Adaptive Control of Helicopter Ground Resonance with Magnetorheological Damper

The methodology for adaptive control of helicopter ground resonance with magnetorheological （MR） damper is presented. The adaptive inverse control method is used to control the output damping force of MR damper and the range of the damping force is given. Through the adaptive inverse control, the damping force of MR damper is fit to a desired damping force. With the background of applying MR damper to control of helicopter ground resonance, a model of loss force and an adaptive arithmetic for stabilization of the coupled rotor/fuselage system are presented. The simulation shows that the controller presented in this paper can stabilize the rotor/fuselage coupling system quickly and control the helicopter ground resonance effectively.     

直升机若干关键技术发展研究

近年来,直升机技术表现出跨代发展特征,以总体设计、旋翼系统、传动系统、涡轴发动机、材料和制造技术、航电技术和飞控技术为代表的各技术领域均有较大突破,部分成果已得到应用.同时,高速旋翼机和无人直升机技术领域的发展也呈现出加速态势,在不久的将来将为直升机带来革命性的变革.     

直升机目标的雷达特性分析

为了研究直升机目标的雷达特性,采用了理论分析、统计分析和性能指标体系分析的方法,对直升机与固定翼飞机、不同直升机之间目标的雷达特性进行了对比分析;建立了直升机的雷达特性统计模型,对统计特性结果进行了分析;采用性能指标体系分析的方法对旋翼调制特性进行了分析,得到了直升机目标的雷达特性影响因素和分布规律。其方法和结果可以作为直升机系统、防空武器系统和直升机靶标的设计参考。     

应用CFD方法的舰载直升机舰面气弹响应计算与分析

舰载直升机所处的环境恶劣,易出现旋翼桨尖过度挥舞及机身碰撞等事故,研究直升机舰面气弹响应可预防此类事故的出现。应用 CFD 方法获得舰船流场数据,结合桨叶动力学模型,综合提出旋翼气弹响应计算分析方法,研究不同来流速度、悬停位置与风向角下旋翼的气弹响应。结果表明：本文提出的气弹响应计算分析方法正确可行;舰船来流速度的增加...     

直升机贴地飞行时人—机响应特性研究

本文分析和研究了驾驶员工作负荷、操纵功效和阻尼等对贴地飞行时直升机飞行品质的影响,导出了简化的驾驶员增益和驾驶员评定等级的工程计算公式,并与飞行试验数据进行了比较.结果表明,本文的方法可用于各种直升机的飞行试验和设计估算.     

Robust Navier-Stokes method for predicting unsteady flowfield and aerodynamic characteristics of helicopter rotor

A robust unsteady rotor flowfield solver CLORNS code is established to predict the complex unsteady aerodynamic characteristics of rotor flowfield. In order to handle the difficult problem about grid generation around rotor with complex aerodynamic shape in this CFD code,a parameterized grid generated method is established, and the moving-embedded grids are constructed by several proposed universal methods. In this work, the unsteady Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes(RANS) equations with Spalart-Allmaras are selected as the governing equations to predict the unsteady flowfield of helicopter rotor. The discretization of convective fluxes is accomplished by employing the second-order central difference scheme, third-order MUSCL-Roe scheme, and fifth-order WENO-Roe scheme. Aimed at simulating the unsteady aerodynamic characteristics of helicopter rotor, the dual-time scheme with implicit LU-SGS scheme is employed to accomplish the temporal discretization. In order to improve the computational efficiency of holecells and donor elements searching of the moving-embedded grid technology, the ‘‘disturbance diffraction method" and ‘‘minimum distance scheme of donor elements method" are established in this work. To improve the computational efficiency, Message Passing Interface(MPI) parallel method based on subdivision of grid, local preconditioning method and Full Approximation Storage(FAS) multi-grid method are combined in this code. By comparison of the numerical results simulated by CLORNS code with test data, it is illustrated that the present code could simulate the aerodynamic loads and aerodynamic noise characteristics of helicopter rotor accurately.