飞机重心位置的计算分析方法

飞机重心位置对飞机的安定性和操纵性影响很大.不在飞机重心允许范围内装货或载客时,会使飞机操纵性和安定性变差,影响飞行安全.飞机重心位置计算分析是新型飞机研制、现役飞机加改(换)装设计等工程中必不可少的一个重要环节.以某型现役飞机进口短波单边带电台换装国产短波自适应/跳频电台工程作为研究对象,研究了基于力矩平衡法的飞机重心位置计算方法,计算了该型飞机换装短波电台后空机重心位置.计算结果表明,该型飞机进口短波电台换装国产短波电台后,空机状态下的重心位置满足重心允许范围要求.     

随机载荷下累积损伤可靠性计算

本文对导弹受随机载荷作用时,考虑载荷在空域和时域上的分布状态,分析了强度累积损伤可靠性计算模型,并列举了算例。     

超导重力仪器:机遇与挑战

超导重力仪器是利用超导电性构建的精密相对重力测量仪器,其工作于4.2K液氦温度,具有仪器固有噪声低、稳定性好的特点。阐述了超导重力仪和超导重力梯度仪两种仪器的工作原理与技术特征,简要介绍了作者所在课题组超导重力仪器研制的进展情况。分析了我国资源勘查用航空超导重力梯度仪研制所面临的机遇与挑战,提出了应对技术挑战的策略方法。     

A comparative and numerical study of effects of gravity waves in small miss-distance and miss-time GPS radio occultation temperature profiles

The Global Positioning System (GPS) Radio Occultation (RO) technique has global coverage and is capable of generating high vertical resolution temperature profiles of the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere with sub-Kelvin accuracy and long-term stability, regardless of weather conditions. In this work, we take advantage of the anomalously high density of occultation events at the eastern side of the highest Andes Mountains during the initial mission months of COSMIC (Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere and Climate). This region is well-known for its high wave activity. We choose to study two pairs of GPS RO, both containing two occultations that occurred close in time and space. One pair shows significant differences between both temperature profiles. Numerical simulations with a mesoscale model were performed, in order to understand this discrepancy. It is attributed to the presence of a horizontal inhomogeneous structure caused by gravity waves.     

Gravity wave momentum flux generation close to mid-latitude Andes in mesoscale simulations of late 20th and 21st centuries

Adequate representations of diverse dynamical processes in general circulation models (GCM) are necessary to obtain reliable simulations of the present and the future. The parameterization of orographic gravity wave drag (GWD) is one of the critical components of GCM. It is therefore convenient to evaluate whether standard orographic GWD parameterizations are appropriate. One alternative is to study the generation of gravity waves (GW) with horizontal resolutions that are higher than those used in current GCM simulations. Here we assess the seasonal pattern of topographic GW momentum flux (GWMF) generation for the late 20th and 21st centuries in a downscaling using the Rossby Centre regional atmospheric model under the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change A1B emission conditions. We focus on one of the world’s strongest extra-tropical GW zones, the Andes Mountains at mid-latitudes in the Southern Hemisphere. The presence of two GCM sub-grid scale structures locally contributing to GWMF (one positive and one negative) is found to the East of the mountains. For the late 21st century the strength of these structures during the GW high season increases around 23% with respect to the late 20th century, but the GWMF average over GCM grid cell scales remains negative and nearly constant around −0.015 Pa. This constitutes a steady significant contribution during GW high season, which is not related to the GWMF released by individual sporadic strong GW events. This characteristic agrees with the fact that no statistically significant variation in GWMF at source level has been observed in recent GCM simulations of atmospheric change induced by increases in greenhouse gases.     

功能梯度压电材料层状结构中的SH波

基于线性压电弹性理论,利用传递矩阵法,分析了功能梯度压电材料层状结构中的SH波传播特性,研究了压电梯度覆盖层中初始应力对SH波传播的影响。压电覆盖层的材料性能如弹性、压电、介电系数和密度沿厚度方向呈梯度变化。数值分析结果表明,适当的材料梯度分布,可使SH波倾向于沿覆盖层表面传播,由此能够获得更好的机电耦合性能;同时,初始应力使得波传播的相速度减小,但增大了机电耦合系数。文中的分析方法和结论,对固体火箭发动机超声探伤及其压电类传感器的研制和选择有一定的参考意义。     

Hopkinson系统中套筒相对长度对结构件过载值的影响

采用Hopkinson压杆实验装置和Ansys/Ls-Dyna商业计算软件,针对高过载试验中结构件过载值受重力影响的问题进行研究。重力可以使结构件与入射杆之间发生滑移,使得两者不同轴,造成实验结果偏差。分析中不可忽略重力对试验的影响。分析套筒相对长度对试验结果的影响。当相对长度小于0.6时,不能给结构件施加有效的约束;当套筒相对长度大于0.6时,可以认为重力影响基本消失,可以有效地降低重力方向的影响。     

不同重力环境下间隙铰链关节磨损分析

为研究不同重力环境对空间机构间隙铰链关节磨损的影响,将机械系统摩擦学行为和动力学行为相耦合,建立了磨损与动力学耦合分析模型和数值计算框架。首先采用非线性弹簧阻尼模型作为间隙处接触碰撞力的计算模型,同时采用Coulomb 法来计算运动副间隙处的摩擦力,进而建立了含间隙的机构动力学模型;然后通过基于Archard磨损模型二次开发的ANSYS程序来计算磨损,其中运用节点位移的方法来描述磨损过程。结果表明：当间隙关节转速较低时,重力对于关节轴承的磨损分布和磨损程度的影响很大,轴承出现集中磨损现象,磨损间隙急剧增加,严重影响机构的性能和精度;随着关节转速升高,重力对间隙关节磨损的影响逐渐减弱,轴承的磨损分布、磨损程度和关节最大磨损间隙的增长率将逐渐与微重力环境下趋同。     

重力测量卫星KBR系统相位中心在轨标定算法

针对低低跟踪(SST-LL)重力测量卫星K频段测距(KBR)系统相位中心在轨标定问题,提出了一种应用预测卡尔曼滤波算法的KBR系统在轨标定算法。首先,以磁力矩器和姿态控制喷气发动机为执行部件,对一颗卫星施加一定的组合力矩,使其绕另一颗卫星进行周期性姿态机动;然后,将星敏感器数据代入预测卡尔曼滤波算法中估计出卫星姿态;最后,根据KBR系统观测值与卫星姿态角之间的关系,利用扩展卡尔曼滤波算法估计出KBR系统相位中心的位置。数值仿真结果表明:KBR系统相位中心可以被实时估计,当存在较大的卫星姿态动力学模型误差时,KBR系统相位中心的标定误差仍在0.3mrad以内,证明此算法估计精度较高且鲁棒性强。     

国外木星系环绕飞行任务规划研究

调研了国外3项典型的木星系环绕任务(伽利略号、朱诺号和木星冰卫星探测器(JUICE)),归纳总结了行星借力飞行、利用天体摄动演化轨道、高精度导航、限制近木点高度以及利用飞越实现任务拓展等任务规划方法。最后,提出了我国木星系环绕探测任务规划的初步设想,即以木星和木卫二为主要探测目标,采用金星-地球-地球的地木转移借力序列,以及基于木卫二、木卫三和木卫四借力方式开展木星系探测任务规划,实现飞掠、环绕和穿透多种方式的木星系探测任务。