Broad-search algorithms for the spacecraft trajectory design of Callisto–Ganymede–Io triple flyby sequences from 2024 to 2040, Part II: Lambert pathfinding and trajectory solutions

Triple-satellite-aided capture employs gravity-assist flybys of three of the Galilean moons of Jupiter in order to decrease the amount of ΔV$\mathrm{\Delta }V$ required to capture a spacecraft into Jupiter orbit. Similarly, triple flybys can be used within a Jupiter satellite tour to rapidly modify the orbital parameters of a Jovicentric orbit, or to increase the number of science flybys. In order to provide a nearly comprehensive search of the solution space of Callisto–Ganymede–Io triple flybys from 2024 to 2040, a third-order, Chebyshev's method variant of the p-iteration solution to Lambert's problem is paired with a second-order, Newton–Raphson method, time of flight iteration solution to the _V∞$V_{\infty }$-matching problem. The iterative solutions of these problems provide the orbital parameters of the Callisto–Ganymede transfer, the Ganymede flyby, and the Ganymede–Io transfer, but the characteristics of the Callisto and Io flybys are unconstrained, so they are permitted to vary in order to produce an even larger number of trajectory solutions. The vast amount of solution data is searched to find the best triple-satellite-aided capture window between 2024 and 2040.     

Determination of the mean dynamic ocean topography model through combining multi-source gravity data and DTU15 MSS around China's coast

Mean dynamic ocean topography (or MDT) is closely related to ocean circulation and global climate change. It has important scientific significance and application value for the development and utilization of marine resources in China's coastal areas. Based on the terrain gravity, marine gravity, and SRTM 3?s data, an algorithm to reduce the problem of gravity data gaps between land and sea is proposed. A consistent land-sea gravity model is established based on point-mass fusion method. Then geoid model, which accuracy was estimated to be 8.5?cm through the verification of 348 GNSS/level data from the coastal provinces, of China's coastal areas was calculated through remove-restore technique. Connecting the above geoid model with DTU15 MSS model to establish a MDT model in China's coastal areas using the direct method in space domain. The effect of gravity field model, dominant factors of sea surface topography, and low pass filter are analyzed. Taking Bohai Sea and Yellow Sea as an example, and comparing MDT with the two international models CNES_2013_MDT and DTU15_MDT. The results show that the MDT has the potential to construct a vertical datum of the ocean and carry out related scientific research and application.     

流体的压强梯度是决定升力的重要因素

认为经典升力理论遗漏了一个决定升力的重要因素：流体的压强梯度。指出：地球上的流体都具有压强梯度,这是由地球引力引起的流体的一种不均匀性,这种不均匀性会在流体的运动中表现出来。运用“升腾效应”和“擅升效应”解释了一些与升力有关的现象,特别是解释了机翼的展弦比、机翼的厚度、雷诺数等对升力的影响,并设计了几个检验这两个效应的试验方法。     

基于数字虚拟飞行的民机复飞爬升梯度评估

飞机的爬升梯度反映了其越过地面障碍达到安全高度的能力,为保障民机复飞时的飞行安全,适航条款规定复飞爬升梯度应满足一定的数值要求。根据适航条款对民机复飞程序和复飞爬升梯度的规定,提出了一种基于数字虚拟飞行的复飞爬升梯度适航符合性评估方法。基于适航条款规定和驾驶员操纵特点,建立了复飞任务的数字化模型和驾驶员操纵模型,进而以中国某型涡喷支线客机为对象建立飞行动力学模型,构成了可进行复飞爬升任务仿真的数字虚拟飞行仿真系统。通过仿真计算完成了对着陆爬升和进场爬升的爬升梯度评估,并与真实试飞结果对比,评估相对误差在10%以内,验证了本文方法的适用性和准确性。本文方法可应用于民机的概念方案设计,为保证飞机复飞爬升性能的适航符合性和最大着陆重量的确定等提供支持。     

基于强跟踪UPF的重力梯度辅助定位方法

针对重力梯度辅助定位中,存在重力梯度的强非线性分布及系统模型偏差等问题,将STUPF引入匹配定位过程。该方法根据残差信息实时调节系统状态跟踪能力,有效应对模型偏差对定位的影响。基于真实INS数据的仿真实验结果表明,STUPF可达到较好的定位效果,且与标准PF、GPF算法相比,其在定位的精度、稳定性及运算量上具有一定优势。     

重力姿轨耦合效应引起的太阳能电站轨道共振

以任意相控阵天线式空间太阳能电站为研究对象,主要研究了其在轨运行过程中受到的重力姿轨耦合效应对其轨道运动的影响。首先,通过Hamilton原理建立起考虑重力姿轨耦合效应时的姿态运动和轨道运动的方程。其中,任意相控阵天线式空间太阳能电站被简化成刚体,它的重力势能以其结构尺寸和其轨道半径的比值为小量进行泰勒展开,并保留至二阶项。之后,采用解析的方法对方程进行分析,并发现当电站的姿态运动满足一定条件时,其轨道运动将会出现共振现象。此外,重力姿轨耦合效应还会引起空间太阳能电站轨道运动长期的漂移,通过选择合适的轨道运动初始条件可以消除漂移;而且,在一定条件下,重力姿轨耦合效应还会引起轨道运动的发散。最后,数值仿真结果验证了分析的正确性。     

Simulation-based evaluation of a cold atom interferometry gradiometer concept for gravity field recovery

The prospects of future satellite gravimetry missions to sustain a continuous and improved observation of the gravitational field have stimulated studies of new concepts of space inertial sensors with potentially improved precision and stability. This is in particular the case for cold-atom interferometry (CAI) gradiometry which is the object of this paper. The performance of a specific CAI gradiometer design is studied here in terms of quality of the recovered gravity field through a closed-loop numerical simulation of the measurement and processing workflow. First we show that mapping the time-variable field on a monthly basis would require a noise level below $5\text{mE}/\sqrt{\text{Hz}}$. The mission scenarios are therefore focused on the static field, like GOCE. Second, the stringent requirement on the angular velocity of a one-arm gradiometer, which must not exceed ${10}^{-6}$?rad/s, leads to two possible modes of operation of the CAI gradiometer: the nadir and the quasi-inertial mode. In the nadir mode, which corresponds to the usual Earth-pointing satellite attitude, only the gradient $V_{\mathit{yy}}$, along the cross-track direction, is measured. In the quasi-inertial mode, the satellite attitude is approximately constant in the inertial reference frame and the 3 diagonal gradients $V_{\mathit{xx}}\text{,}{V}_{\mathit{yy}}$ and $V_{\mathit{zz}}$ are measured. Both modes are successively simulated for a 239?km altitude orbit and the error on the recovered gravity models eventually compared to GOCE solutions. We conclude that for the specific CAI gradiometer design assumed in this paper, only the quasi-inertial mode scenario would be able to significantly outperform GOCE results at the cost of technically challenging requirements on the orbit and attitude control.     

基于最速下降法的可展开索网天线型面调整方法

考虑到索网结构的几何非线性和节点位移的高度耦合,为提高索网天线的型面调整效率,需设计合理的型面调整优化方法。文章根据双层索网结构的拓扑关系,将平衡矩阵和柔度矩阵分块化表示,通过偏导方法推导了任意平衡状态下型面误差对于张力阵拉力的梯度公式,利用型面误差梯度的无穷范数确定对型面误差影响最显著的张力阵单元。结合最速下降优化算法,采用型面误差负梯度方向作为优化路径。通过调节张力阵拉力,降低由于索网长度误差引起的型面误差。建立环形桁架天线的双层索网模型,进行型面调整数值试验,结果表明调整后的型面误差已趋近为零。     

任意最大应力梯度路径轮盘模拟件设计方法

建立基于应力寿命轮盘二维模拟试件设计准则,提出了具有任意最大应力梯度路径的轮盘模拟试件优化设计方法,包括自动搜索第一主应力最大梯度路径和应力分布,以及模拟试件的二步优化设计策略,提出了模拟试件弹性和弹塑性设计等价原则.通过某轮盘模拟试件设计例说明了方法的应用.      

基于边缘对称性的视频车辆检测算法

针对现有视频车辆检测算法受光照、阴影等环境因素影响大,漏检和误检率高的问题,提出了一种视频车辆检测算法.有别于传统算法使用运动特征进行车辆检测,该算法使用边缘特征和对性特征定位车辆.算法首先对图像进行灰度化、平滑去噪等预处理,使用Sobel算子垂直方向掩模计算图像感兴趣区域内的边缘梯度,确定候选区域;而后根据车辆图像垂直边缘具有对称性的特点,分析候选区域的对称性强弱,并计算其对称轴位置和车辆宽度.使用边缘强度、对称性和宽度这3个约束条件对候选区域进行验证.道路实验结果表明,该检测算法有效、可靠,具有良好的鲁棒性.