激光超高温度梯度快速凝固条件下Cu-Mn合金的组织演化规律

利用CWCO2激光器对Cu-26.6wt%Mn,Cu-27.3wt%Mn和Cu-31.4wt%Mn三种不同成分的合金进行了一系列表面熔凝实验,并对这三种合金的组织形态选择规律进行了研究.实验结果表明,重熔区组织较基体组织大大细化;随着生长速度的增大,Cu-26.6wt%Mn合金的组织由低速胞晶向枝晶、高速胞晶及完全无偏析固溶体转变.在所有凝固速度下Cu-27.3wt%Mn和Cu-31.4wt%Mn合金中没有枝晶组织出现,以全胞晶形式生长.三种合金达到绝对稳定的临界速度分别为113.3,212.6和260.5mm/s,与M-S理论预言的绝对稳定临界速度相吻合.     

Falkner-Skan流空间演化的二次稳定性研究

依据Floquet理论建立三维亚谐扰动的控制方程，研究Falkner-Skan流的二次稳定性问题。采用高精度的谱方法进行数值模拟，结合边界层特性有效地配置边界条件，引入不同类型压力梯度，研究在压力梯度下的二维有限振幅的Tollmien-Schlichting（TS）波对三维亚谐扰动的产生、发展和演化的作用和影响。结果表明，顺压梯度的存在可以减缓二次不稳定的发生和演化，而逆压梯度却加速了二次不稳定性。     

矩形通道中亚尺度肋片的流动换热数值分析

对装有不同结构亚尺度肋片矩形通道的流动和换热进行了数值模拟,获得了通道流场、温度场分布以及平均努塞尔数的基本特征,对各种肋片通道的换热特性进行了对比分析.计算结果表明:亚尺度肋片距主肋片根部越近越有利于散热;在远离热面区域,亚尺度肋片的比表面积越大传热效果越好.当扩展表面积相同时,亚尺度肋片的长宽比越大换热效果越好;计算结果及分析揭示了控制肋片最优几何形状的统一原则——广义温度梯度均匀化原则,并依照此原则确定了可以强化换热的较优的肋片结构.计算分析表明广义温度梯度均匀化原则可以控制对流换热过程的传热强化.      

气动力矩和重力梯度矩实现微小卫星三轴姿态控制

提出运用低轨道两个主要环境力矩 (重力梯度矩和气动力矩 )实现微小卫星三轴姿态被动控制方案。重力梯度矩提供俯仰和滚转恢复力矩 ,气动力矩提供偏航和俯仰恢复力矩 ;通过姿态稳定性分析和姿控过程动态仿真 ,结果表明此卫星具有结构简单、姿态稳定精度高的优点。     

A method for automatic detection and characterization of plasma bubbles using GPS and BDS data

Detecting and characterizing Total Electron Content (TEC) depletion is important for studying the ionospheric threat due to the Equatorial Plasma Bubble (EPB) when applying the Ground-Based Augmentation System (GBAS) at low latitudes. This paper develops a robust method to automatically identify TEC depletion and derive its parameters. The rolling barrel algorithm is used to automatically identify the TEC depletion candidate and its parameters. Then, the depletion candidates are screened by several improved techniques to distinguish actual depletions from other phenomena such as Traveling Ionospheric Disturbance (TID) or abnormal data. Next, based on the depletion signals from three triangular receivers, the method derives EPB parameters such as velocity, width and gradient. The time lag and front velocity are calculated based on cross-correlation using TEC depletions and the geometrical distribution of three triangular receivers. The width and gradient of slope are then determined by using TEC depletion from a single receiver. By comparison, both the station-pair method and proposed method depend on the assumption that the EPB morphology is frozen during the short time when the plasma bubble moves between the receivers. However, our method relaxes the restriction that the baseline length should be shorter than the width of slope required by the station-pair. This relaxation is favorable for studying small-scale slope of depletions using stations of a longer baseline. In addition, the accuracy of the width and gradient is free of impact from hardware biases and small-scale disturbance, as it is based only on the relative TEC variation. The method is demonstrated by processing Global Positioning System (GPS) and BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) data on 15 August, 2018, in a solar minimum cycle.     

GPS-only gravity field recovery with GOCE,CHAMP, and GRACE

Gravity missions such as the Gravity field and steady-state Ocean Circulation Explorer (GOCE) are equipped with onboard Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers for precise orbit determination (POD), instrument time-tagging, and the extraction of the long wavelength part of the Earth’s gravity field. The very low orbital altitude of the GOCE satellite and the availability of dense 1 s GPS tracking data are ideal characteristics to exploit the contribution of GPS high-low Satellite-to-Satellite Tracking (hl-SST) to gravity field determination. We present gravity field solutions based on about 8 months of GOCE GPS hl-SST data from 2009 and compare the results with those obtained from the CHAllenging Minisatellite Payload (CHAMP) and Gravity Recovery And Climate Experiment (GRACE) missions. The very low orbital altitude of GOCE significantly improves gravity field recovery from GPS hl-SST data above degree 20, but not for the degrees below 20, where the quality of the spherical harmonic coefficients remains essentially unchanged. Despite the limited time span of GOCE data used, the gravity field of the Earth can be resolved up to about degree 115 using GPS data only. Empirically determined phase center variations (PCVs) of the GOCE onboard GPS helix antenna are, however, mandatory to achieve this performance.     

Impact of covariance information of kinematic positions on orbit reconstruction and gravity field recovery

Gravity missions are equipped with onboard Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers for precise orbit determination (POD) and for the extraction of the long wavelength part of the Earth’s gravity field. As positions of low Earth orbiters (LEOs) may be determined from GPS measurements at each observation epoch by geometric means only, it is attractive to derive such kinematic positions in a first step and to use them in a second step as pseudo-observations for gravity field determination. The drawback of not directly using the original GPS measurements is, however, that kinematic positions are correlated due to the ambiguities in the GPS carrier phase observations, which in principle requires covariance information be taken into account. We use GRACE data to show that dynamic or reduced-dynamic orbit parameters are not optimally reconstructed from kinematic positions when only taking epoch-wise covariance information into account, but that essentially the same orbit quality can be achieved as when directly using the GPS measurements, if correlations in time are taken into account over sufficiently long intervals. For orbit reconstruction covariances have to be considered up to one revolution period to avoid ambiguity-induced variations of kinematic positions being erroneously interpreted as orbital variations. For gravity field recovery the advantage is, however, not very pronounced.     

Remote sounding of atmospheric gravity waves with satellite limb and nadir techniques

Recent advances in satellite techniques hold great potential for mapping global gravity wave (GW) processes at various altitudes. Poor understanding of small-scale GWs has been a major limitation to numerical climate and weather models for making reliable forecasts. Observations of short-scale features have important implication for validating and improving future high-resolution numerical models. This paper summarizes recent GW observations and sensitivities from several satellite instruments, including MLS, AMSU-A, AIRS, GPS, and CLAES. It is shown in an example that mountain waves with horizontal wavelengths as short as 30 km now can be observed by AIRS, reflecting the superior horizontal resolution in these modern satellite instruments. Our studies show that MLS, AMSU-A and AIRS observations reveal similar GW characteristics, with the observed variances correlated well with background winds. As a complementary technique, limb sounding instruments like CRISTA, CLAES, and GPS can detect GWs with better vertical but poorer horizontal resolutions. To resolve different parts of the broad GW spectrum, both satellite limb and nadir observing techniques are needed, and a better understanding of GW complexities requires joint analyses of these data and dedicated high-resolution model simulations.     

FMCW体制毫米波SAR实时信号处理方法研究

与脉冲体制合成孔径雷达(SAR)相比,调频连续波(FMCW)体制SAR具有体积小、重量轻、分辨率高、功耗低和低截获等一系列优点,目前小型或微小型SAR普遍采用FMCW工作体制。FMCW SAR在整个脉冲重复周期内都发射信号,其信号占空比达到了100%,为了减小数字接收机采样带宽,降低数据率,FMCW体制毫米波SAR一般采取解线频调接收的方式,但其数据量依然很大,而且机载平台受到气流的影响,运动误差很大,需要迭代估计与补偿,给实时处理模块带来了很大压力。为了提高整个机载FMCW SAR系统的信号实时处理性能,需要在算法层面进行改进。提出了一种两次子孔径误差估计和全孔径误差拼接补偿的FMCW SAR实时成像算法,使用相位梯度自聚焦(PGA)算法和图像偏置(MD)算法级联提取子孔径误差;然后进行子孔径误差拼接成全孔径误差补偿原数据,两维脉冲压缩后完成图像聚焦,提高了FMCW体制毫米波SAR成像算法的效率;最后使用机载Ka波段FMCW SAR实测数据,验证了该算法的有效性。     

深空探测重力模拟飞行器方案设想

为解决失重环境对航天员生理健康的影响,在调研国内外重力飞行器研究现状的基础上,结合重力模拟飞行器的原理及人造重力舒适度影响因素,提出了一种通过自旋产生人造重力的深空探测飞行器方案设想。最后给出了重力模拟飞行器建设的实施规划、总体方案、在轨组装流程及技术难点。深空探测重力模拟飞行器稳定运转可为空间工作生活的航天员提供与地面无异的重力环境,将为执行深空探测任务提供必要的环境保障。