一种顾及厄特沃思效应的水下重力辅助导航方法

水下相对于水面环境,准确估计厄特沃思效应更为困难,进而影响重力测量精度。由于传统重力匹配算法未考虑水下厄特沃思估计误差对重力辅助导航定位性能的影响,根据不同导航参数对厄特沃思估计误差的影响程度,构建了水下惯导系统/计程仪/重力仪组合导航框架,采用UKF非线性滤波算法,分析了不同导航模式下厄特沃思估计误差特性,并评估了有无厄特沃思估计误差时重力辅助导航性能的差异。半物理仿真结果表明采用DVL的辅助导航方式可有效抑制惯导误差积累,INS/DVL/Gravimeter三者信息融合导航模式定位性能得到了进一步提高,即使在考虑厄特沃思估计误差的情况下,与仅采用DVL作为辅助信息源相比,水平径向误差定位精度依然提升了17.02%。     

On the selection of optimal global geopotential model for geoid modeling: A case study in Pakistan

A statistical comparison has been made between gravity field parameters derived from different global geopotential models (GGMs) and observed gravity anomalies, gravimetric geoid and GPS-Leveling data. The motivation behind this study is the selection of best possible global geopotential model that best matches statistically with the local observed data in Pakistan. This will facilitate in decreasing the load on observed data for the development of regional gravimetric geoid in remove-compute-restore technique when used in the Stokes’s integral for computation of the residual part. It is observed that combined geopotential models such as EGM96 and PGM200A, EIGEN-GL04C and EIGEN-CG03C reflect the better match in the total spectral range of gravity and GPS-Leveling data. Results of the precise local geoid model also indicate similar characteristics. A very-high-degree model “EGM2008” (degree/order 2160) exhibits relatively superior statistical fit with observed ground data in Pakistan region. For satellite-only models an increasing trend in the standard deviation can be seen with maximum of about ∼4 m in difference between GPS-Leveling and corresponding GGM’s geoid with increase in the order from 50 to 120 and then it decreases afterwards. However, for the EIGEN-CHAMP03SP, standard deviation saturates to a value of 3.4 m. This is an indication of contamination in the long to medium wavelength part, i.e. 50–100° for the satellite-only models. Moreover, the models DEOS-CHAMP-01C, GGM02C and then ITG-GRACE03 appear to have better fit for medium to long wavelength and can possibly be recommended for use as long wavelength part with the local observed data. While a hybrid geopotential model selection can be achieved through the selection from either of DEOS-CHAMP-01C, GGM02C, GGM02S, EIGEN-GRACE02S or ITG-GRACE03 in the long wavelength (to degree and order 40) and EGM96, PGM200A, EIGEN-GL04C, EIGEN-CG03C or even EGM2008 in medium to short wavelength, i.e. from degree 41 to maximum degree and order.     

重力测量技术与惯性技术之间的关系

以加速度计为代表的惯性器件技术和以惯性稳定平台为代表的惯性系统技术,极大地推动了重力仪和重力梯度仪的发展。重力测量技术的不断进步,也有效支撑惯性导航系统性能的不断提升,并牵引了惯性技术研究的不断深入。国内惯性技术领域应将重力测量仪器研制作为一项长期而重要的主题,研制过程中应充分发掘现有技术潜力加快研制进度,并注重产品小型化和轻量化设计,推进重力/重力梯度测量技术协同发展,不断提高技术水平,拓展产品应用领域,推进惯性技术的可持续发展。     

Secular variations of OH nightglow emission and of the OH intensity-weighted temperature induced by gravity–wave forcing in the MLT region

Secular variations of OH airglow (8,3) band and of the intensity-weighted temperature induced by a gravity wave packet at three latitudes in the northern hemisphere in the Mesosphere/Lower Thermosphere region are investigated using a 2-D, time-dependent, fully nonlinear OH chemistry–dynamics model. A net-cycled average survives due to wave transience and dissipation. The integrated OH (8,3) volume emission rates show a 20 percent increase induced by the wave packet. The corresponding intensity-weighted temperature shows an initial increase up to 2 percent then a gradual decrease for the remainder of the simulation time by the same wave packet. These secular variations could be mistaken as long-period or short-period waves in the airglow observations. Therefore, care must be taken when analyzing the data from observations.     

Swimming behaviour of the upside-down swimming catfish (Synodontis nigriventris) at high-quality microgravity – A drop-tower experiment

The catfish Synodontis nigriventris often shows a unique swimming behaviour in being oriented upside-down. When swimming near a (e.g., vertical) substrate, however, the animals orient themselves with their ventral side towards this substrate. This tendency is called ventral substrate response (VSR). The VSR does not only override the upside-down swimming behaviour but also the dorsal light response and the ventral light response.     

The dynamics of the solar radiative zone

The picture of the solar radiative zone is evolving quickly. This review is separated in two parts. We first recall how the two powerful probes of the solar interior, namely the neutrinos and helioseismology have scrutinized the microscopic properties of the solar radiative plasma. Recent observations stimulate today complementary activities beyond the standard stellar model through theoretical modeling of angular momentum transport by rotation, internal waves or (and) by magnetic fields to get access to the dynamical motions of this important region of the Sun. So in the second part, we summarize the first impact of such processes on the radiative zone.     

GOCE orbit analysis: Long-wavelength gravity field determination using the acceleration approach

The restricted sensitivity of the Gravity field and steady-state Ocean Circulation Explorer (GOCE) gradiometer instrument requires satellite gravity gradiometry to be supplemented by orbit analysis in order to resolve long-wavelength features of the geopotential. For the hitherto published releases of the GOCE time-wise (TIM) and GOCE space-wise gravity field series—two of the official ESA products—the energy conservation method has been adopted to exploit GPS-based satellite-to-satellite tracking information. On the other hand, gravity field recovery from data collected by the CHAllenging Mini-satellite Payload (CHAMP) satellite showed the energy conservation principle to be a sub-optimal choice. For this reason, we propose to estimate the low-frequency part of the gravity field by the point-wise solution of Newton’s equation of motion, also known as the acceleration approach. This approach balances the gravitational vector with satellite accelerations, and hence is characterized by (second-order) numerical differentiation of the kinematic orbit. In order to apply the method to GOCE, we present tailored processing strategies with regard to low-pass filtering, variance–covariance information handling, and robust parameter estimation. By comparison of our GIWF solutions (initials GI for “Geodätisches Institut” and IWF for “Institut für WeltraumForschung”) and the GOCE-TIM estimates with a state-of-the-art gravity field solution derived from GRACE (Gravity Recovery And Climate Experiment), we conclude that the acceleration approach is better suited for GOCE-only gravity field determination as opposed to the energy conservation method.     

民用飞机采用不同油箱分离面对重量重心的影响

介绍了民用飞机整体油箱的布局形式和耗油顺序对飞机重量重心的影响,并对燃油箱设计时需要考虑的转子爆破、油箱惰化及结构疲劳等问题进行说明;提出了三种采用不同油箱分离面但采用相同耗油顺序的燃油箱,重点分析了燃油保持在外侧油箱对机翼根部弯矩的卸载作用和飞机重心在燃油消耗过程中的变化过程,并举例分析了三种油箱布局对典型装载的限制情况,为选择油箱分离面和选择耗油顺序提供相应的参考。     

Fast low-energy halo-to-halo transfers between Sun–planet systems

In this paper, the problem of fast low-energy halo-to-halo transfers between Sun–planet systems is discussed under ephemeris constraints. According to the structure of an invariant manifold, employing an invariant manifold and planetary gravity assist to save fuel consumption is analyzed from the view of orbital energy. Then, a pseudo-manifold is introduced to replace the invariant manifold in such a way that more transfer opportunities are allowed. Fast escape and capture can be achieved along the pseudo-manifold. Furthermore, a global searching method that is based on patched-models is proposed to find an appropriate transfer trajectory. In this searching method, the trajectory is divided into several segments that can be designed under simple dynamical models, and an analytical algorithm is developed for connecting the segments. Earth–Mars and Earth–Venus halo-to-halo transfers are designed to demonstrate the proposed approach. Numerical results show that the transfers that combine the pseudo-manifolds and planetary gravity assist can offer significant fuel consumption and flight time savings over traditional transfer schemes.     

重力卫星在轨质心修正原理

静电悬浮加速度计在重力卫星上的安装位置将直接影响重力卫星的非重力测量结果,进而影响高精度地球重力场的恢复。为了彻底明确该影响的存在方式,现从基本动力学方程出发,推导出了卫星在轨飞行期间遭受的各种非重力和地球引力、太阳和月球等天体的潮汐力等,与静电悬浮加速度计输出之间的矢量表达式。获得的表达式从理论上明确了消除重力卫星质心偏差的实际意义,是重力卫星质心修正的理论依据。