高精度UT1-UTC差分预报方法研究

针对卫星导航所需的高精度地球定向参数(EOP)中的UT1-UTC预报问题,提出了基于双差分LS+AR的UT1-UTC参数预报方法。对UT1-UTC观测数据进行跳秒检测、固体地球带谐潮汐项改正,然后对改正后的UT1-UTC数据进行双差分处理,增强数据平稳性;采用最小二乘拟合(LS)与自回归(AR)分析方法对差分处理后的数据进行分析与预报;对预报结果进行逆差分处理与潮汐项改正外推、跳秒恢复,获取高精度的UT1-UTC预报值。通过与国际EOP_PCC预报结果对比表明,UT1-UTC短期预报精度与EOP_PCC较优的预报精度相当,其中1天UT1-UTC预报精度优于0.03ms,优于EOP_PCC预报结果。介绍了北京航天飞行控制中心的UT1-UTC每日例行预报情况。     

Analytical solutions for Earth discontinuous coverage of satellite constellation with repeating ground tracks

This paper presents an analytical model for calculating the Earth discontinuous coverage of satellite constellation with repeating ground tracks by integrating and extending the application of coverage region and route theory. Specifically, the visibility condition for a ground point is represented as a coverage region in the two-dimension map of visibility properties, and the trajectories of satellites with circular orbits and repeating ground tracks are converted to several inclined lines in t...     

频谱分析法在静止气象卫星调焦分析中应用研究

利用频谱分析方法,对静止气象卫星扫描辐射计的在轨调焦进行快速、准确的分析判断,确定是否需要调整及调整时所发遥控命令的调整方向和步长等,避免了单向调出焦距极限位置时,对辐射计造成永久性损坏。文章首次提出的二维频谱法,即使在图像定位精度不高的情况下仍然适用,可以得出准确的分析结果。     

基于GPS的低轨伴飞卫星自主导航轨道确定

对基于EKF算法的相对导航滤波器和基于全球卫星定位系统(GPS)伪距测量的伴飞星定轨进行了研究。用几何法与相对动力学方法联合获得目标星轨道信息,给出了伴飞卫星伪距测量定位的模型。仿真结果表明:该定轨方法可用于低轨卫星实时定位导航,定轨精度较高。     

Earth observation from space – The issue of environmental sustainability

Remote sensing scientists work under assumptions that should not be taken for granted and should, therefore, be challenged. These assumptions include the following:1. Space, especially Low Earth Orbit (LEO), will always be available to governmental and commercial space entities that launch Earth remote sensing missions.2. Space launches are benign with respect to environmental impacts.3. Minimization of Type 1 error, which provides increased confidence in the experimental outcome, is the best way to assess the significance of environmental change.4. Large-area remote sensing investigations, i.e. national, continental, global studies, are best done from space.5. National space missions should trump international, cooperative space missions to ensure national control and distribution of the data products.At best, all of these points are arguable, and in some cases, they're wrong. Development of observational space systems that are compatible with sustainability principles should be a primary concern when Earth remote sensing space systems are envisioned, designed, and launched. The discussion is based on the hypothesis that reducing the environmental impacts of the data acquisition step, which is at the very beginning of the information stream leading to decision and action, will enhance coherence in the information stream and strengthen the capacity of measurement processes to meet their stated functional goal, i.e. sustainable management of Earth resources. We suggest that unconventional points of view should be adopted and when appropriate, remedial measures considered that could help to reduce the environmental footprint of space remote sensing and of Earth observation and monitoring systems in general. This article discusses these five assumptions in the context of sustainable management of Earth's resources. Taking each assumption in turn, we find the following:(1) Space debris may limit access to Low Earth Orbit over the next decades.(2) Relatively speaking, given that they're rare event, space launches may be benign, but study is merited on upper stratospheric and exospheric layers given the chemical activity associated with rocket combustion by-products.(3) Minimization of Type II error should be considered in situations where minimization of Type I error greatly hampers or precludes our ability to correct the environmental condition being studied.(4) In certain situations, airborne collects may be less expensive and more environmentally benign, and comparative studies should be done to determine which path is wisest.(5) International cooperation and data sharing will reduce instrument and launch costs and mission redundancy. Given fiscal concerns of most of the major space agencies – e.g. NASA, ESA, CNES – it seems prudent to combine resources.     

低轨天基信息定向分发区域分割编码控制方法

为提高低轨指向性信息分发链路的频谱利用效率,从天基分发平台与地面用户的相对位置关系入手,建立了分发指向、编码增益与信道传输容量的量化关系。在此基础上,提出一种低轨天基信息定向分发区域分割编码控制方法,该方法针对不同信息分发区域,采用最小均方误差(MMSE)作为区域分割准则选择编码方式,既提升了信道传输效率也便于工程实现。最后,本文通过仿真分析了方法的效能和性能影响因素,并与现有自适应编码方法进行了对比,验证了本方法的有效性和可靠性。     

关于地球转移轨道碎片的轨道寿命问题

低轨卫星的轨道寿命主要取决于大气的耗散作用,其轨道在不断变小(即高度降低)变圆的状态下进入地球稠密大气层中陨落。但地球转移轨道(GTO)碎片的运行轨道是一个近地点高度为200km,远地点高度达36000km的大偏心率(e=0.73)椭圆轨道,其轨道寿命主要由第三体(日、月)引力摄动所决定,而且还与其轨道的初始状态有密切关系。本文将根据地球卫星轨道变化规律进行理论分析,阐明力学机制,并给出相应的数值验证。     

轨道机动过程中推力加速度的实时最小方差估计

飞行器轨道机动过程中，为跟踪、定位机动目标和干预机动控制过程，需要统计处理离散的雷达观测量实时估计推进发动机的推力，进而确定飞行器的瞬时轨道参数。本文所述算法是该工程问题的探讨和解决方案。文章建立了轨道机动过程中连续变质量运动模型和离散雷达量测模型，推进发动机的质量秒耗量作为表征推力加速度的一个近似常量，应用扩展卡尔曼滤波对离散的雷达测量数据进行顺序统计处理给出秒耗量的最小方差估计；文章详细地推导了线性化量模型的变分方程和观测矩阵；仿真结果表明该算法能快速、准确地估计推进发动机的质量秒耗量和向机动目标施加的实际推力。     

考虑J2项摄动的星座相对运动控制

利用轨道某些要素(偏心率，升交点赤经和倾角)的差别可以构成由一颗中心星和几个环绕星组成的近距离星座。在理想中心引力场下，环绕星运行轨迹在水平面投影可以呈现封闭圆形。在地球引力摄动时，这种空间形状将逐渐发散。为此，本文考虑J2项摄动的影响，设计了对其具有鲁棒性的环绕星相对轨道；进而导出了带有J2项摄动的环绕星相对运动方程，并给出了基于惯性笛卡尔坐标系运动学变量的相对轨道控制方法。分析和仿真结果表明，这种控制方法能够实现星座相对运动的高精度控制。     

论航天火星探测

回顾了 2 0世纪航天火星探测的历史和成就 ,论述了火星探测器飞行轨道的特点 ,展望了 2 1世纪初期航天火星探测的前景