溢流条件下飞机结冰过程的传热特性研究

基于液/固相变和液膜流动的基础理论,对飞机结冰过程的传热特性进行了研究,建立了溢流与液/固相变耦合的结冰传热模型,并采用该模型对来流各参数对冰层生长特性的影响进行了分析.研究结果表明,结冰表面液态水的溢流将促进液/固相变过程,并进而提高冰层生长速率.气动剪切力是影响溢流效应的主要因素,来流速度越高,气动剪切力越大,溢流效应也越明显;反之,则溢流效应越微弱.在溢流条件下,来流参数中来流温度和速度是影响冰层生长速率的主要原因.来流速度越高或温度越低,则冰层生长速率越大,反之则生长速率越小.比较而言,液态水含量和水收集系数的变化对冰层生长速率的影响相对较小.      

Direct Optimization of Low-thrust Many-revolution Earth-orbit Transfers

Low-thrust Earth-orbit transfers with 10^?5-order thrust-to-weight ratios involve a large number of orbital revolutions which poses a real challenge to trajectory optimization. This article develops a direct method to optimize minimum-time low-thrust many-revolution Earth-orbit transfers. A parameterized control law in each orbit, in the form of the true optimal control, is proposed, and the time history of the parameters governing the control law is interpolated through a finite number of nodal values. The orbital averaging method is used to significantly reduce the computational workload and the trajectory optimization is conducted based on the orbital averaging dynamics expressed by nonsingular equinoctial elements. Furthermore, Earth's shadowing and perturbation effects are taken into account. The optimal transfer problem is thus converted to the parameter optimization problem that can be solved by nonlinear programming. Taking advantage of the mapping between the parameterized control law and the Lyapunov control law, a technique is proposed to acquire good initial guesses for optimization variables, which results in enlarged convergence domain of the direct optimization method. Numerical examples of optimal Earth-orbit transfers are presented.     

行星际Halo轨道转移的多目标优化设计

研究了星历约束下不同太阳—行星系统Halo轨道间转移的多目标优化设计问题。分析了直接和间接两种转移方式的特点,并引入伪流形技术加快了Halo轨道的逃逸和捕获速度。构建了两种转移机制的多目标优化模型。对于直接转移方式,采用伪流形双向拼接策略实现了转移轨道的构建;对于间接转移方式,通过近拱点庞加莱映射与双曲超速匹配完成了转移轨道的拼接。进一步,采用多项式样条函数对伪流形进行逼近,提高了伪流形的计算效率。两种转移机制的轨道优化设计都可以归结为简单的多变量无约束优化问题,采用非支配快速排序遗传算法NSGA-II求解。对地球—火星Halo轨道间的转移进行了多目标优化设计,校验了本文方法的有效性。     

一种方位时变GEO SAR成像处理新算法

针对地球同步轨道合成孔径雷达(GEO SAR)回波模型的距离空变和方位时变问题,提出一种基于改进距离-多普勒(RD)和方位向调频尺度变换(CS)的成像算法。首先引入四阶泰勒展开模型解决成像中存在的弯曲轨迹问题,然后对传统RD算法进行改进,补偿距离空变,最后对方位时变进行建模,通过方位向CS补偿方位时变,使GEO SAR能够进行更大场景的成像。结合天基雷达先进仿真系统(SBRAS)进行仿真,验证了该算法的有效性。     

航天器舱体热密封结构多物理场耦合数值分析方法研究

综合考虑航天器舱体外围高超声速流动、密封带及舱体结构传热以及密封结构内部的空腔流动传热,提出航天器高温热密封结构的瞬态多物理场耦合分析方法。利用改进型Van Driest变换方法进行高超声速流动环境预测,基于高斯－赛德尔分块迭代耦合方法完成一体化耦合计算方法。采用包含不同材料结构部件的复合结构,计算了0～200 s内有无密封塞两种情况下的各部分结构的瞬态热传导过程。结果表明,密封塞的使用可显著降低空腔内的最高温度,瞬态变化情况的考虑更加准确地反映了各部分结构部件及内部空腔的温度变化情况。该文的计算方法可广泛应用于航天器热密封结构的传热特性分析,可为火箭等航天器上的高温密封部件设计提供有效的数值分析工具。     

航天器相对运动水滴型悬停轨道研究

对航天器相对运动的C-W方程进行了分析,提出了航天器相对运动轨道设计中的一种水滴型悬停轨道,能够实现航天器相对空间目标在一定范围内进行悬停,并且只需使用脉冲速度增量控制即可实现长时间的悬停。文章对悬停轨道的悬停周期与目标航天器轨道参数和悬停位置的关系,以及悬停控制所需的速度增量ΔV进行了分析,给出了进行悬停轨道选择及设计的工程方法,并对C-W方程的状态转移矩阵进行了推导,得到了由常规的后方伴飞轨道使用脉冲速度控制方案进入目标星正下方的悬停位置的初始速度增量、转移时间及末端速度增量。根据分析结果,水滴型悬停轨道有利于工程实现,其设计方法可以应用于航天器在轨服务、侦察、巡视等任务的轨道设计。     

Design and analysis of an extended mission of CE-2: From lunar orbit to Sun–Earth L2 region

Chang’E-2 (CE-2) has firstly successfully achieved the exploring mission from lunar orbit to Sun–Earth L2 region. In this paper, we discuss the design problem of transfer trajectory and at the same time analyze the visible segment of Tracking, Telemetry & Control (TT&C) system for this mission. Firstly, the four-body problem of Sun–Earth–Moon and Spacecraft can be decoupled in two different three-body problems (Sun–Earth + Moon Restricted Three-Body Problems (RTBPs) and Earth–Moon ephemeris model). Then, the transfer trajectory segments in different model are computed, respectively, and patched by Poincaré sections. The full-flight trajectory including transfer trajectory from lunar orbit to Sun–Earth L2 region and target Lissajous orbit is obtained by the differential correction method. Finally, the visibility of TT&C system at the key time is analyzed. Actual execution of CE-2 extended mission shows that the trajectory design of CE-2 mission is feasible.     

机载热管冷板振动与加速度试验研究

为了考察机载振动与加速度环境对热管冷板传热性能的影响,以不同结构形式的普通铜水热管冷板与微热管阵列冷板为研究对象,搭建振动与加速度试验台进行试验。试验结果表明:Z向振动与加速度较X向与Y向对热管冷板传热性能的影响大,但振动的影响基本可以忽略,微热管阵列冷板受加速度的影响大于双U型普通热管冷板;加速度量级的增加对热管冷板传热性能的影响较小;双U型普通热管冷板在振动与加速度条件下的性能最优。     

Towards a cooperation between the arts,space science research and the European Space Agency – Preliminary findings of the ESA Topical Team Arts and Sciences (ETTAS)

The arts offer alternative insights into reality, which are explored by science in general, and broadened by the activities conducted by the European Space Agency [4] and other space agencies. Similar to the way the members of ESA are ambassadors for spaceflight and science, artists and cultural professionals are ambassadors for human expression, experimentation, and exploration. In June 2011, the ESA Topical Team Arts and Sciences (ETTAS) held a three-day workshop at the European Astronaut Centre in Cologne, Germany. During this workshop, topics and ideas were discussed to develop initiatives between the arts, sciences and ESA. The aim was to foster and expand the human and cultural aspects of space exploration, and at the same time offer a means of communication that aims to reach audiences beyond the scope of traditional space-related channels. The consensus of the team was that establishing and sustaining a transdisciplinary professional community consisting of ESA representatives, scientists and artists would fuel knowledge transfer, and mutual inspiration. Potential ways to provide a sustainable cooperation within and between the various groups were discussed. We present the preliminary findings including a number of measures and mechanisms to initiate and conduct such an initiative. Plausible organisational measures, procedures and consequences, as well as a proposition on how to proceed are also discussed. Overall, the involvement and cooperation between the arts, space science research and ESA will enhance in the citizens of the ESA member states the sense of public ownership of ESA results, and participation in ESA?s research.     

某涡轮导向叶片换热实验与计算

针对某涡轮导向叶片,实验测量了光滑叶片表面的压力系数和速比系数,并使用瞬态液晶测量技术获得了叶片全表面传热系数分布.分别使用shear stress transport（SST）,k-ω,k-ε和renormalization group（RNG）k-ε四种湍流模型模拟了相同结构尺寸的叶栅通道内的流动与换热,并与实验结果进行对比.结果表明:压力面压力系数沿弧长方向逐渐下降,吸力面上压力系数先快速下降达到最小值后缓慢上升（出现逆压梯度）.叶栅通道和叶片表面附近气流流动结构的复杂性导致叶片表面传热系数分布较为复杂.4种湍流模型对压力系数和速比系数的计算结果相互差别不大,计算数据也比较接近实验值.关于叶片表面传热系数,SST模型计算结果分布规律与实验接近,而其他3种湍流模型都没有能模拟出吸力面边界层分离对换热的影响.